Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27226604›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of biological chemistry2016

Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Inhibition Synergizes with Reduced Internal Ribosome Entry Site (IRES)-mediated Translation of Cyclin D1 and c-MYC mRNAs to Treat Glioblastoma.

Brent Holmes, Jihye Lee, Kenna A Landon, Angelica Benavides-Serrato, Tariq Bashir, Michael E Jung, Alan Lichtenstein, Joseph Gera

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed
3.3field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Small nucleolar RNAs: the hidden precursors of cancer ribosomes.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025
    Review
  3. The Internal Ribosome Entry Site in Circular RNAs.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025
    Review
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. mCancer letters · 2023
    Article
  7. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Brent HolmesDepartment of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90048; Department of Research and Development, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California 91343.
Jihye LeeDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90048.
Kenna A LandonDepartment of Research and Development, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California 91343.
Angelica Benavides-SerratoDepartment of Research and Development, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California 91343.
Tariq BashirDepartment of Research and Development, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California 91343.
Michael E JungDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90048; Jonnson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90048; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90048.
Alan LichtensteinDepartment of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90048; Department of Research and Development, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California 91343; Jonnson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90048.
Joseph GeraDepartment of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90048; Department of Research and Development, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California 91343; Jonnson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90048; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90048. Electronic address: jgera@mednet.ucla.edu.
VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System · USUniversity of California, Los Angeles · US

Funding

Dysregulation of mTORC2 in gliomasR01CA168700 · NCI · BRENTWOOD BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI GERA, JOSEPH F · 2012 to 2015
$898k
Mechanisms of Resistance to mTOR-Targeted TherapiesI01BX002665 · VA · VA GREATER LOS ANGELES HEALTHCARE SYSTEM · PI GERA, JOSEPH F · 2014 to 2025
–
BLRD VA I01 BX002665NCI NIH HHS R01 CA168700
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Our previous work has demonstrated an intrinsic mRNA-specific protein synthesis salvage pathway operative in glioblastoma (GBM) tumor cells that is resistant to mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors. The activation of this internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-dependent mRNA translation initiation pathway results in continued translation of critical transcripts involved in cell cycle progression in the face of global eIF-4E-mediated translation inhibition. Recently we identified compound 11 (C11), a small molecule capable of inhibiting c-MYC IRES translation as a consequence of blocking the interaction of a requisite c-MYC IRES trans-acting factor, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1, with its IRES. Here we demonstrate that C11 also blocks cyclin D1 IRES-dependent initiation and demonstrates synergistic anti-GBM properties when combined with the mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase inhibitor PP242. The structure-activity relationship of C11 was investigated and resulted in the identification of IRES-J007, which displayed improved IRES-dependent initiation blockade and synergistic anti-GBM effects with PP242. Mechanistic studies with C11 and IRES-J007 revealed binding of the inhibitors within the UP1 fragment of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1, and docking analysis suggested a small pocket within close proximity to RRM2 as the potential binding site. We further demonstrate that co-therapy with IRES-J007 and PP242 significantly reduces tumor growth of GBM xenografts in mice and that combined inhibitor treatments markedly reduce the mRNA translational state of cyclin D1 and c-MYC transcripts in these tumors. These data support the combined use of IRES-J007 and PP242 to achieve synergistic antitumor responses in GBM.

Indexed as

Genes, mycInternal Ribosome Entry SitesProtein BiosynthesisAnimalsBrain NeoplasmsCell Line, TumorCyclin D1FemaleGlioblastomaHeterograftsHumansMiceRNA, MessengerTOR Serine-Threonine KinasesCyclin D1Internal Ribosome Entry SitesMTOR protein, humanRNA, MessengerTOR Serine-Threonine Kinasescyclin D1glioblastomaheterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP)IRESITAFmechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)mRNA translationMyc (c-Myc)translation

Identifiers

PMID27226604
PMCPMC4933173
OpenAlexW2473752333

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.