ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2016
Unique lipid anchor attaches Vi antigen capsule to the surface of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- A new mouse model of typhoid fever usingmBio · 2026Article
- Rapid, low-cost colorimetric detection ofmBio · 2025Article
- Genetic engineering of E. coli K-12 for heterologous carbohydrate antigen production.Microbial cell factories · 2025Article
- Evasion of serum antibodies and complement by Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi A.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Article
- Structure, biosynthesis and regulation of the T1 antigen, a phase-variable surface polysaccharide conserved in many Salmonella serovars.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Single missense mutations in Vi capsule synthesis genes confer hypervirulence to Salmonella Typhi.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Salmonellosis: An Overview of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Innovative Approaches to Mitigate the Antimicrobial Resistant Infections.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Vi polysaccharide and conjugated vaccines afford similar early, IgM or IgG-independent control of infection but boosting with conjugated Vi vaccines sustains the efficacy of immune responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Article
- What Glues the Glue to the Cell Surface?Journal of bacteriology · 2022Article
- HfaE Is a Component of the Holdfast Anchor Complex That Tethers the Holdfast Adhesin to the Cell Envelope.Journal of bacteriology · 2022Article
- TheMicrobiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Article
- Glyconanoparticles as tools to prevent antimicrobial resistance.Glycoconjugate journal · 2021Review
- Glycoconjugate vaccines againstBiophysical reviews · 2021Review
- A Salmonella Typhi RNA thermosensor regulates virulence factors and innate immune evasion in response to host temperature.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Review
- A Multiprotein Complex Anchors Adhesive Holdfast at the Outer Membrane of Caulobacter crescentus.Journal of bacteriology · 2019Article
- Genomic analysis of Indian strains of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi indicates novel genetic repertoire for pathogenicity and adaptations.Molecular biology reports · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Polysaccharide capsules are surface structures that are critical for the virulence of many Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is the etiological agent of typhoid fever. It produces a capsular polysaccharide known as "Vi antigen," which is composed of nonstoichiometrically O-acetylated α-1,4-linked N-acetylgalactosaminuronic acid residues. This glycan is a component of currently available vaccines. The genetic locus for Vi antigen production is also present in soil bacteria belonging to the genus Achromobacter Vi antigen assembly follows a widespread general strategy with a characteristic glycan export step involving an ATP-binding cassette transporter. However, Vi antigen producers lack the enzymes that build the conserved terminal glycolipid characterizing other capsules using this method. Achromobacter species possess a Vi antigen-specific depolymerase enzyme missing in S enterica Typhi, and we exploited this enzyme to isolate acylated Vi antigen termini. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed a reducing terminal N-acetylhexosamine residue modified with two β-hydroxyl acyl chains. This terminal structure resembles one half of lipid A, the hydrophobic portion of bacterial lipopolysaccharides. The VexE protein encoded in the Vi antigen biosynthesis locus shares similarity with LpxL, an acyltransferase from lipid A biosynthesis. In the absence of VexE, Vi antigen is produced, but its physical properties are altered, its export is impaired, and a Vi capsule structure is not assembled on the cell surface. The structure of the lipidated terminus dictates a unique assembly mechanism and has potential implications in pathogenesis and vaccine production.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.