ArticleClinical and vaccine immunology : CVI2016
Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Colonization following Intradermal, Sublingual, or Oral Vaccination with EtpA Adhesin.
Article in Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-blood group A interactions intensify diarrheal severity.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2018Trial
- Emerging and Underdetected Colonization Factors in EnterotoxigenicMicroorganisms · 2026Review
- A 25-year landscape of Escherichia coli vaccine development: systematic review of human clinical studies.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Parenteral vaccination with recombinant EtpA glycoprotein impairs enterotoxigenicInfection and immunity · 2025Article
- Conserved antigens for enteric vaccines.Vaccine · 2025Review
- Safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant double-mutant heat-labile toxin derived from enterotoxigenicFrontiers in bacteriology · 2025Article
- Challenges and Considerations in Selecting Animal Models for Evaluating a Live, Cold-Chain-Free, Dual-Use Vaccine (MyChol) for Diarrhoeal Diseases: A Comprehensive Review.The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS · 2024Review
- Host-derived CEACAM-laden vesicles engage enterotoxigenicProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Repeat modules and N-linked glycans define structure and antigenicity of a critical enterotoxigenic E. coli adhesin.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Host-derived CEACAM-laden vesicles engage enterotoxigenicbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Repeat modules and N-linked glycans define structure and antigenicity of a critical enterotoxigenicbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- The Immunogenicity and Properties of a Whole-Cell ETEC Vaccine Inactivated with Psoralen and UVA Light in Comparison to Formalin.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Non-mucosal vaccination strategies to enhance mucosal immunity.Vaccine insights · 2023Article
- Current Progress and Challenges in the Study of Adjuvants for Oral Vaccines.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2023Review
- Article
- Vaccines for Protecting Infants from Bacterial Causes of Diarrheal Disease.Microorganisms · 2021Review
- Fentanyl conjugate vaccine by injected or mucosal delivery with dmLT or LTA1 adjuvants implicates IgA in protection from drug challenge.NPJ vaccines · 2021Article
- Contribution of Noncanonical Antigens to Virulence and Adaptive Immunity in Human Infection with Enterotoxigenic E. coli.Infection and immunity · 2021Article
- Confronting challenges to enterotoxigenicFrontiers in tropical diseases · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains are a common cause of diarrhea. Extraordinary antigenic diversity has prompted a search for conserved antigens to complement canonical approaches to ETEC vaccine development. EtpA, an immunogenic extracellular ETEC adhesin relatively conserved in the ETEC pathovar, has previously been shown to be a protective antigen following intranasal immunization. These studies were undertaken to explore alternative routes of EtpA vaccination that would permit use of a double mutant (R192G L211A) heat-labile toxin (dmLT) adjuvant. Here, oral vaccination with EtpA adjuvanted with dmLT afforded significant protection against small intestinal colonization, and the degree of protection correlated with fecal IgG, IgA, or total fecal antibody responses to EtpA. Sublingual vaccination yielded compartmentalized mucosal immune responses with significant increases in anti-EtpA fecal IgG and IgA, and mice vaccinated via this route were also protected against colonization. In contrast, while intradermal (i.d.) vaccination achieved high levels of both serum and fecal antibodies against both EtpA and dmLT, mice vaccinated via the i.d. route were not protected against subsequent colonization and the avidity of serum IgG and IgA EtpA-specific antibodies was significantly lower after i.d. immunization compared to other routes. Finally, we demonstrate that antiserum from vaccinated mice significantly impairs binding of LT to cognate GM1 receptors and shows near complete neutralization of toxin delivery by ETEC in vitro Collectively, these data provide further evidence that EtpA could complement future vaccine strategies but also suggest that additional effort will be required to optimize its use as a protective immunogen.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.