ArticleJournal of the American Geriatrics Society2016
Racial Disparities in Cognitive Performance in Mid- and Late Adulthood: Analyses of Two Cohort Studies.
Article in Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex differences in the association between tau PET and cognitive performance in a non-Hispanic White cohort with preclinical AD.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Trial
- Your brain doesn't look a day past 70! Cross-sectional associations with brain-predicted age in the cognitively-intact oldest-old.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Childhood maltreatment and mid-life cognitive functioning: divergent psychosocial pathways linked to ethnoracial group.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2026Article
- Cognitive performance and subjective effects the morning after last use of smoked cannabis by adults who use cannabis frequently: An observational study.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2026Article
- Alcohol use andAlzheimer's & dementia. Behavior & socioeconomics of aging · 2026Article
- Depressive symptoms but not chronic stress mediate the link between income and cognition in Latino and Black older adults: findings from the Health and Aging Brain Study-Health Disparities.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Article
- Perceived control, brain health, and cognitive reserve: longitudinal resilience mechanisms in Black, White, and Hispanic older adults.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Article
- The relationship between racial discrimination and white matter among Black older adults.Neurobiology of aging · 2025Article
- A Systematic Fairness Evaluation of Racial Bias in Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis Using Machine Learning Models.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Novel differentially expressed genes and multiple biological pathways for Alzheimer's disease identified in brain tissue from African American donors.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Depressive Symptoms Affect Cognitive Functioning from Middle to Late Adulthood: Ethnoracial Minorities Experience Greater Repercussions.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- COVID-19 Pandemic-Related Exposures and Cognitive Function in Middle-Aged Women.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Comparing the predictive validity of four MCI definitions for incident dementia in demographically diverse community-dwelling individuals: Results from the Einstein Aging Study (EAS).Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2025Article
- Ethnic disparities in patients with early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD).Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Allostatic load and cognitive recall among young adults: Racial, ethnic, and sex-specific variations.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2024Article
- Neighborhood racial income inequality and cognitive health.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Associations of a toenail metal mixture with attention and memory in the Gulf long-term follow-up (GuLF) study.The Science of the total environment · 2024Article
- Neuropathological Lesions and Cognitive Abilities in Black and White Older Adults in Brazil.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Social determinants of health but not global genetic ancestry predict dementia prevalence in Latin America.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Dyadic loneliness, age, and cognitive functioning among midlife and older Black couples.Aging & mental health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo examine whether the attenuation of racial disparities observed in physical health outcomes at older ages can be extended to cognitive outcomes in mid- and late-life samples.
designCross-sectional associations between race and cognitive functioning were examined as a function of age.
settingThe National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) and the Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project (WHICAP).
participantsNon-Hispanic African American or white individuals aged 40 and older (MIDUS; n = 3875, 10.5% African American) and non-Hispanic African American or white individuals aged 65 and older without a diagnosis of dementia (WHICAP; n = 2,729, 53.8% African American). MEASUREMENTS: Composite scores of executive functioning and episodic memory.
resultsIndependent of main effects of age, birth cohort, sex, education, and chronic health conditions, significant interactions between age and race indicated that racial disparities in episodic memory and executive functioning were larger at younger than older age in both samples.
conclusionAttenuation of racial inequalities in older age can be extended to cognitive outcomes, which probably reflects selective survival. Research on cognitive disparities or on race-specific causes of cognitive outcomes in old age must incorporate corrections for selective survival if the goal is to identify causal predictors of cognitive outcomes rather than merely statistical predictors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.