GuidelineNeurology2016
The APOSTEL recommendations for reporting quantitative optical coherence tomography studies.
Registry-linked trialAbstract readConsensus StatementPractice Guideline
In one paragraph
Guideline in Neurology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04153773 (Retinal Thickness as a Potential Biomarker of Neurodegeneration and Early Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis), which is not on this map. Cited by 251 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
251citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Retinal Thickness as a Potential Biomarker of Neurodegeneration and Early Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
Who cites it
251 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Retinal imaging for the assessment of stroke risk: a systematic review.Journal of neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Association of Vitamin D Polygenic Risk Scores and Disease Outcome in People With Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2023Pooled it
- Retina thickness in atypical parkinsonism: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Central retina changes in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neurology · 2021Pooled it
- The specific pattern of retinal nerve fiber layer thinning in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neurology · 2021Pooled it
- Retinal nerve fiber layer changes in migraine: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2021Pooled it
- A Meta-analysis of Retinal Cytoarchitectural Abnormalities in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2020Pooled it
- Optical Coherence Tomography in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Pooled it
- Spectral-Domain OCT Measurements in Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Ophthalmology · 2019Pooled it
- Disease Course of Clinically Isolated Optic Neuritis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2024Trial
- Real-world evidence of ocrelizumab-treated relapsing multiple sclerosis cohort shows changes in progression independent of relapse activity mirroring phase 3 trials.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- VEP latency delays predicts MRI neurodegenerative outcomes in multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Cross-Device Field-of-View Scale Differences in Clinical OCT Angiography: Phantom Calibration and Large-Scale Clinical Validation.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Intrathecal Plasma Cell Activity as Measured by the Kappa Free Light Chain Index Is Associated With Retinal Layer Atrophy in Early Multiple Sclerosis.European journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Longitudinal Peripartum Assessment of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness and Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Women with Preeclampsia and Normotensive Pregnant Controls.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Estimating Accelerated Retinal Decline in Mental Health Disorders Through Normative Modeling.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Investigating Retinal Microvascular Changes Using OCT-Angiography: The Role of Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Dysfunction in Hypertensive Nephropathy.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Retinal layers prognosticate cognitive progression independent of relapse activity in multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Retinal and Choroidal Vascular Metrics Predict Cerebral Atrophy and Cognitive Impairment in Noninfarcted Large Artery Stenosis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Review
191 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
16 authors.
Andrés Cruz-HerranzFrom the Multiple Sclerosis Center (A.C.-H., P.V., A.J.G.), Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., A.P.), VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (T.O., F.P., A.U.B.), NeuroCure Clinical Research Center; Department of Neurology (T.O., F.P., A.U.B.), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.S., P.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Center of Neuroimmunology and Department of Neurology (E.H.M.-L., P.V.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain; Eye Center (W.A.L.), University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Ophthalmology (J.S.S.) and Neurology (L.B.), New York University School of Medicine, New York; Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P.), London, UK; and Department of Neurology (P.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany.
Lisanne J BalkFrom the Multiple Sclerosis Center (A.C.-H., P.V., A.J.G.), Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., A.P.), VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (T.O., F.P., A.U.B.), NeuroCure Clinical Research Center; Department of Neurology (T.O., F.P., A.U.B.), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.S., P.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Center of Neuroimmunology and Department of Neurology (E.H.M.-L., P.V.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain; Eye Center (W.A.L.), University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Ophthalmology (J.S.S.) and Neurology (L.B.), New York University School of Medicine, New York; Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P.), London, UK; and Department of Neurology (P.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany.
Timm OberwahrenbrockFrom the Multiple Sclerosis Center (A.C.-H., P.V., A.J.G.), Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., A.P.), VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (T.O., F.P., A.U.B.), NeuroCure Clinical Research Center; Department of Neurology (T.O., F.P., A.U.B.), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.S., P.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Center of Neuroimmunology and Department of Neurology (E.H.M.-L., P.V.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain; Eye Center (W.A.L.), University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Ophthalmology (J.S.S.) and Neurology (L.B.), New York University School of Medicine, New York; Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P.), London, UK; and Department of Neurology (P.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany.
Shiv SaidhaFrom the Multiple Sclerosis Center (A.C.-H., P.V., A.J.G.), Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., A.P.), VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (T.O., F.P., A.U.B.), NeuroCure Clinical Research Center; Department of Neurology (T.O., F.P., A.U.B.), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.S., P.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Center of Neuroimmunology and Department of Neurology (E.H.M.-L., P.V.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain; Eye Center (W.A.L.), University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Ophthalmology (J.S.S.) and Neurology (L.B.), New York University School of Medicine, New York; Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P.), London, UK; and Department of Neurology (P.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany.
Elena H Martinez-LapiscinaFrom the Multiple Sclerosis Center (A.C.-H., P.V., A.J.G.), Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., A.P.), VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (T.O., F.P., A.U.B.), NeuroCure Clinical Research Center; Department of Neurology (T.O., F.P., A.U.B.), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.S., P.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Center of Neuroimmunology and Department of Neurology (E.H.M.-L., P.V.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain; Eye Center (W.A.L.), University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Ophthalmology (J.S.S.) and Neurology (L.B.), New York University School of Medicine, New York; Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P.), London, UK; and Department of Neurology (P.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany.
Wolf A LagrezeFrom the Multiple Sclerosis Center (A.C.-H., P.V., A.J.G.), Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., A.P.), VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (T.O., F.P., A.U.B.), NeuroCure Clinical Research Center; Department of Neurology (T.O., F.P., A.U.B.), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.S., P.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Center of Neuroimmunology and Department of Neurology (E.H.M.-L., P.V.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain; Eye Center (W.A.L.), University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Ophthalmology (J.S.S.) and Neurology (L.B.), New York University School of Medicine, New York; Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P.), London, UK; and Department of Neurology (P.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany.
Joel S SchumanFrom the Multiple Sclerosis Center (A.C.-H., P.V., A.J.G.), Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., A.P.), VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (T.O., F.P., A.U.B.), NeuroCure Clinical Research Center; Department of Neurology (T.O., F.P., A.U.B.), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.S., P.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Center of Neuroimmunology and Department of Neurology (E.H.M.-L., P.V.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain; Eye Center (W.A.L.), University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Ophthalmology (J.S.S.) and Neurology (L.B.), New York University School of Medicine, New York; Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P.), London, UK; and Department of Neurology (P.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany.
Pablo VillosladaFrom the Multiple Sclerosis Center (A.C.-H., P.V., A.J.G.), Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., A.P.), VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (T.O., F.P., A.U.B.), NeuroCure Clinical Research Center; Department of Neurology (T.O., F.P., A.U.B.), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.S., P.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Center of Neuroimmunology and Department of Neurology (E.H.M.-L., P.V.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain; Eye Center (W.A.L.), University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Ophthalmology (J.S.S.) and Neurology (L.B.), New York University School of Medicine, New York; Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P.), London, UK; and Department of Neurology (P.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany.
Peter CalabresiFrom the Multiple Sclerosis Center (A.C.-H., P.V., A.J.G.), Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., A.P.), VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (T.O., F.P., A.U.B.), NeuroCure Clinical Research Center; Department of Neurology (T.O., F.P., A.U.B.), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.S., P.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Center of Neuroimmunology and Department of Neurology (E.H.M.-L., P.V.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain; Eye Center (W.A.L.), University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Ophthalmology (J.S.S.) and Neurology (L.B.), New York University School of Medicine, New York; Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P.), London, UK; and Department of Neurology (P.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany.
Laura BalcerFrom the Multiple Sclerosis Center (A.C.-H., P.V., A.J.G.), Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., A.P.), VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (T.O., F.P., A.U.B.), NeuroCure Clinical Research Center; Department of Neurology (T.O., F.P., A.U.B.), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.S., P.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Center of Neuroimmunology and Department of Neurology (E.H.M.-L., P.V.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain; Eye Center (W.A.L.), University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Ophthalmology (J.S.S.) and Neurology (L.B.), New York University School of Medicine, New York; Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P.), London, UK; and Department of Neurology (P.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany.
Axel PetzoldFrom the Multiple Sclerosis Center (A.C.-H., P.V., A.J.G.), Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., A.P.), VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (T.O., F.P., A.U.B.), NeuroCure Clinical Research Center; Department of Neurology (T.O., F.P., A.U.B.), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.S., P.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Center of Neuroimmunology and Department of Neurology (E.H.M.-L., P.V.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain; Eye Center (W.A.L.), University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Ophthalmology (J.S.S.) and Neurology (L.B.), New York University School of Medicine, New York; Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P.), London, UK; and Department of Neurology (P.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany.
Ari J GreenFrom the Multiple Sclerosis Center (A.C.-H., P.V., A.J.G.), Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., A.P.), VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (T.O., F.P., A.U.B.), NeuroCure Clinical Research Center; Department of Neurology (T.O., F.P., A.U.B.), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.S., P.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Center of Neuroimmunology and Department of Neurology (E.H.M.-L., P.V.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain; Eye Center (W.A.L.), University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Ophthalmology (J.S.S.) and Neurology (L.B.), New York University School of Medicine, New York; Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P.), London, UK; and Department of Neurology (P.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany.
Friedemann PaulFrom the Multiple Sclerosis Center (A.C.-H., P.V., A.J.G.), Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., A.P.), VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (T.O., F.P., A.U.B.), NeuroCure Clinical Research Center; Department of Neurology (T.O., F.P., A.U.B.), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.S., P.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Center of Neuroimmunology and Department of Neurology (E.H.M.-L., P.V.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain; Eye Center (W.A.L.), University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Ophthalmology (J.S.S.) and Neurology (L.B.), New York University School of Medicine, New York; Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P.), London, UK; and Department of Neurology (P.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany.
Alexander U BrandtFrom the Multiple Sclerosis Center (A.C.-H., P.V., A.J.G.), Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., A.P.), VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (T.O., F.P., A.U.B.), NeuroCure Clinical Research Center; Department of Neurology (T.O., F.P., A.U.B.), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.S., P.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Center of Neuroimmunology and Department of Neurology (E.H.M.-L., P.V.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain; Eye Center (W.A.L.), University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Ophthalmology (J.S.S.) and Neurology (L.B.), New York University School of Medicine, New York; Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P.), London, UK; and Department of Neurology (P.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany.
Philipp AlbrechtFrom the Multiple Sclerosis Center (A.C.-H., P.V., A.J.G.), Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., A.P.), VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (T.O., F.P., A.U.B.), NeuroCure Clinical Research Center; Department of Neurology (T.O., F.P., A.U.B.), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.S., P.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Center of Neuroimmunology and Department of Neurology (E.H.M.-L., P.V.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain; Eye Center (W.A.L.), University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Ophthalmology (J.S.S.) and Neurology (L.B.), New York University School of Medicine, New York; Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P.), London, UK; and Department of Neurology (P.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany. phil.albrecht@gmail.com.
IMSVISUAL consortium
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo develop consensus recommendations for reporting of quantitative optical coherence tomography (OCT) study results.
methodsA panel of experienced OCT researchers (including 11 neurologists, 2 ophthalmologists, and 2 neuroscientists) discussed requirements for performing and reporting quantitative analyses of retinal morphology and developed a list of initial recommendations based on experience and previous studies. The list of recommendations was subsequently revised during several meetings of the coordinating group.
resultsWe provide a 9-point checklist encompassing aspects deemed relevant when reporting quantitative OCT studies. The areas covered are study protocol, acquisition device, acquisition settings, scanning protocol, funduscopic imaging, postacquisition data selection, postacquisition data analysis, recommended nomenclature, and statistical analysis.
conclusionsThe Advised Protocol for OCT Study Terminology and Elements recommendations include core items to standardize and improve quality of reporting in quantitative OCT studies. The recommendations will make reporting of quantitative OCT studies more consistent and in line with existing standards for reporting research in other biomedical areas. The recommendations originated from expert consensus and thus represent Class IV evidence. They will need to be regularly adjusted according to new insights and practices.
Indexed as
ChecklistHumansResearch DesignTerminology as TopicTomography, Optical Coherence
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
NCT04153773ClinicalTrials.gov
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.