ArticleNature2016
Access of protective antiviral antibody to neuronal tissues requires CD4 T-cell help.
Article in Nature, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Structural Basis for CD4+ T Cell Epitope Dominance in Arbo-Flavivirus Envelope Proteins: A Meta-Analysis.Viral immunology · 2017Pooled it
- Respiratory mucosal immunity: Biological functions, diseases, prevention and therapy.Genes & diseases · 2026Review
- Interferon-λ inhibits immunopathology and boosts T cell-mediated immunity in a mouse model of mucosal viral infection.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- CD4Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Interferons in health and disease.Cell · 2025Review
- Estradiol enhances B cell humoral immune responses against genital herpes simplex virus type 2 in mice through an IL-17 dependant pathway.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the diversity of the immunological landscape response to genital herpes.Virologica Sinica · 2024Article
- The Role of T Cells in the Pathogenesis of Narcolepsy Type 1: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Article
- Safety of non-replicative and oncolytic replication-selective HSV vectors.Trends in molecular medicine · 2024Review
- Article
- CD8+ Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells: Versatile Guardians of the Tissue.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Article
- The emerging role of effector functions exerted by tissue-resident memory T cells.Oxford open immunology · 2024Review
- STAT4 increases the phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of intestinal tissue-resident memory T cells.Mucosal immunology · 2023Article
- COVID-19 as a trigger of Guillain-Barré syndrome: A review of the molecular mechanism.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2023Review
- Tissue-resident memory T cells trigger rapid exudation and local antibody accumulation.Mucosal immunology · 2023Article
- CD103 fate mapping reveals that intestinal CD103Science immunology · 2022Article
- Mucosal plasma cells are required to protect the upper airway and brain from infection.Immunity · 2022Article
- Neuronal CaMKK2 promotes immunosuppression and checkpoint blockade resistance in glioblastoma.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Unexplained post-acute infection syndromes.Nature medicine · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Circulating antibodies can access most tissues to mediate surveillance and elimination of invading pathogens. Immunoprivileged tissues such as the brain and the peripheral nervous system are shielded from plasma proteins by the blood-brain barrier and blood-nerve barrier, respectively. Yet, circulating antibodies must somehow gain access to these tissues to mediate their antimicrobial functions. Here we examine the mechanism by which antibodies gain access to neuronal tissues to control infection. Using a mouse model of genital herpes infection, we demonstrate that both antibodies and CD4 T cells are required to protect the host after immunization at a distal site. We show that memory CD4 T cells migrate to the dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord in response to infection with herpes simplex virus type 2. Once inside these neuronal tissues, CD4 T cells secrete interferon-γ and mediate local increase in vascular permeability, enabling antibody access for viral control. A similar requirement for CD4 T cells for antibody access to the brain is observed after intranasal challenge with vesicular stomatitis virus. Our results reveal a previously unappreciated role of CD4 T cells in mobilizing antibodies to the peripheral sites of infection where they help to limit viral spread.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.