ArticlePloS one2016
The Potential Impact of a Hepatitis C Vaccine for People Who Inject Drugs: Is a Vaccine Needed in the Age of Direct-Acting Antivirals?
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Novel Vaccine Strategy Employing Serologically Different Chimpanzee Adenoviral Vectors for the Prevention of HIV-1 and HCV Coinfection.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Trial
- Recent Advances in mRNA-Based Vaccines Against Several Hepatitis Viruses.Biological procedures online · 2025Review
- The Role of Viral Infections in Acute Kidney Injury and Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2025Review
- Vaccines for cancer prevention: exploring opportunities and navigating challenges.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2025Review
- Modeling of randomized hepatitis C vaccine trials: Bridging the gap between controlled human infection models and real-word testing.PNAS nexus · 2025Article
- Current Hepatitis C Vaccine Candidates Based on the Induction of Neutralizing Antibodies.Viruses · 2023Review
- [Development approaches for vaccines against hepatitis C virus infections].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2022Review
- Hepatitis C Vaccination: Where We Are and Where We Need to Be.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- In the era of rapid mRNA-based vaccines: Why is there no effective hepatitis C virus vaccine yet?World journal of hepatology · 2021Review
- Vaccines for immunoprevention of cancer.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2021Review
- Ethical and Practical Issues Associated With the Possibility of Using Controlled Human Infection Trials in Developing a Hepatitis C Virus Vaccine.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
- Hepatitis C virus vaccine design: focus on the humoral immune response.Journal of biomedical science · 2020Review
- Review
- MHC class II invariant chain-adjuvanted viral vectored vaccines enhances T cell responses in humans.Science translational medicine · 2020Article
- Enhancing the antigenicity and immunogenicity of monomeric forms of hepatitis C virus E2 for use as a preventive vaccine.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2020Article
- Review
- Challenges and Promise of a Hepatitis C Virus Vaccine.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2020Review
- Mathematical modeling of hepatitis c virus (HCV) prevention among people who inject drugs: A review of the literature and insights for elimination strategies.Journal of theoretical biology · 2019Review
- Article
- Approaches, Progress, and Challenges to Hepatitis C Vaccine Development.Gastroenterology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsThe advent of highly effective hepatitis C (HCV) treatments has questioned the need for a vaccine to control HCV amongst people who inject drugs (PWID). However, high treatment costs and ongoing reinfection risk suggest it could still play a role. We compared the impact of HCV vaccination amongst PWID against providing HCV treatment.
methodsDynamic HCV vaccination and treatment models among PWID were used to determine the vaccination and treatment rates required to reduce chronic HCV prevalence or incidence in the UK over 20 or 40 years. Projections considered a low (50% protection for 5 years), moderate (70% protection for 10 years) or high (90% protection for 20 years) efficacy vaccine. Sensitivities to various parameters were examined.
resultsTo halve chronic HCV prevalence over 40 years, the low, moderate and high efficacy vaccines required annual vaccination rates (coverage after 20 years) of 162 (72%), 77 (56%) and 44 (38%) per 1000 PWID, respectively. These vaccination rates were 16, 7.6 and 4.4 times greater than corresponding treatment rates. To halve prevalence over 20 years nearly doubled these vaccination rates (moderate and high efficacy vaccines only) and the vaccination-to-treatment ratio increased by 20%. For all scenarios considered, required annual vaccination rates and vaccination-to-treatment ratios were at least a third lower to reduce incidence than prevalence. Baseline HCV prevalence had little effect on the vaccine's impact on prevalence or incidence, but substantially affected the vaccination-to-treatment ratios. Behavioural risk heterogeneity only had an effect if we assumed no transitions between high and low risk states and vaccinations were targeted or if PWID were high risk for their first year.
conclusionsAchievable coverage levels of a low efficacy prophylactic HCV vaccine could greatly reduce HCV transmission amongst PWID. Current high treatment costs ensure vaccination could still be an important intervention option.
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