ArticlePloS one2016
An Empirical Analysis of Rural-Urban Differences in Out-Of-Pocket Health Expenditures in a Low-Income Society of China.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of rural-urban disparities in Alzheimer's disease dementia prevalence.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2025Pooled it
- Older adults 's hospitalizational costs and burden study in China--analysis from CHARLS data 2018.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- The economics of healthcare access: a scoping review on the economic impact of healthcare access for vulnerable urban populations in low- and middle-income countries.International journal for equity in health · 2022Article
- Patterns of Outpatient Service Satisfaction among Low-Income Adults in Rural China: A Latent Class Analysis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- A comparison of rural-urban differences in out-of-pocket expenses among older Mexicans with diabetes.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Quality of Life and Activities of Daily Living among Patients with Complete Cervical Spinal Cord Injury and Surgical Treatment in Vietnam.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Rural and urban differences in health system performance among older Chinese adults: cross-sectional analysis of a national sample.BMC health services research · 2020Article
- Cost-related unmet need for healthcare services in Kenya.BMC health services research · 2020Article
- Article
- Towards universal health coverage: achievements and challenges of 10 years of healthcare reform in China.BMJ global health · 2020Review
- Inequity in healthcare needs, health service use and financial burden of medical expenditures in China: results from a consecutive household monitoring study in Jiangsu Province.BMC health services research · 2019Article
- Disparities in outcomes associated with rural-urban insurance status in China among inpatient women with stroke: a registry-based cohort study.Annals of translational medicine · 2019Article
- Household out-of-pocket expenditure on health care - A cross-sectional study among urban and rural households, Puducherry.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2019Article
- Effect of a typical systemic hospital reform on inpatient expenditure for rural population: the Sanming model in China.BMC health services research · 2019Article
- Did expansion of health insurance coverage reduce horizontal inequity in healthcare finance? A decomposition analysis for China.BMJ open · 2019Article
- Comparison of health system responsiveness between HIV and non-HIV patients at infectious disease clinics in Yunnan, China.Patient preference and adherence · 2018Article
- Two-Step Optimization for Spatial Accessibility Improvement: A Case Study of Health Care Planning in Rural China.BioMed research international · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe paper examines whether out-of-pocket health care expenditure also has regional discrepancies, comparing to the equity between urban and rural areas, and across households.
methodSampled data were derived from Urban Household Survey and Rural Household Survey data for 2011/2012 for Anhui Province, and 11049 households were included in this study. The study compared differences in out-of-pocket expenditure on health care between regions (urban vs. rural areas) and years (2011 vs. 2012) using two-sample t-test, and also investigated the degree of inequality using Lorenz and concentration curves.
resultApproximately 5% and 8% of total household consumption expenditure was spent on health care for urban and rural populations, respectively. In 2012, the wealthiest 20% of urban and rural population contributed 49.7% and 55.8% of urban and rural total health expenditure respectively, while the poorest 20% took only 4.7% and 4.4%. The concentration curve for out-of-pocket expenditure in 2012 fell below the corresponding concentration curve for 2011 for both urban and rural areas, and the difference between curves for rural areas was greater than that for urban areas.
conclusionA substantial and increasing gap in health care expenditures existed between urban and rural areas in Anhui. The health care financing inequality merits ample attention, with need for policymaking to focus on improving the accessibility to essential health care services, particularly for rural and poor residents. This study may provide useful information on low income areas of China.
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