ArticlePLoS pathogens2016
Neutrophil Attack Triggers Extracellular Trap-Dependent Candida Cell Wall Remodeling and Altered Immune Recognition.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 130 citations in OpenAlex.
- In vitro induction of NETosis: Comprehensive live imaging comparison and systematic review.PloS one · 2017Pooled it
- Epitope unmasking in vulvovaginal candidiasis is associated with hyphal growth and neutrophilic infiltration.PloS one · 2018Trial
- Neutrophil extracellular traps in liver diseases: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic interventions.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Plasmodium falciparum subverts neutrophil function via host miR-451a loaded extracellular vesicles driving bacterial and fungal superinfection susceptibility.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Immune evasion, dysregulation, and emerging immunotherapies for invasive fungal infections in the immunocompromised host.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Manganese homeostasis modulates glucan and chitin unmasking in the opportunistic yeastVirulence · 2025Article
- Article
- Pathogenic mucorales: Deciphering their cell wall polysaccharidome and immunostimulatory potential.Virulence · 2025Article
- Fungal Chitin Synthases: Structure, Function, and Regulation.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Caging giants: Characterizing the molecular mechanisms of neutrophil swarming against Candida albicans hyphae.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2025Article
- Mechanisms and immune crosstalk of neutrophil extracellular traps in response to infection.mBio · 2025Review
- Neutrophil extracellular traps capture the human pathogen, Candida albicans, in blood and delay hyphal transformation.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2025Article
- Cinnamaldehyde triggers cell wall remodeling and enhances macrophage-mediated phagocytic clearance ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Neutrophil extracellular traps in homeostasis and disease.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Sur7 mediates a novel pathway for PIMolecular biology of the cell · 2024Article
- Review
- A COmBio · 2024Article
- Article
- Baicalin promotes β-1,3-glucan exposure inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Dectin-1 multimerization and signaling depends on fungal β-glucan structure and exposure.Biophysical journal · 2023Article
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Pathogens hide immunogenic epitopes from the host to evade immunity, persist and cause infection. The opportunistic human fungal pathogen Candida albicans, which can cause fatal disease in immunocompromised patient populations, offers a good example as it masks the inflammatory epitope β-glucan in its cell wall from host recognition. It has been demonstrated previously that β-glucan becomes exposed during infection in vivo but the mechanism behind this exposure was unknown. Here, we show that this unmasking involves neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) mediated attack, which triggers changes in fungal cell wall architecture that enhance immune recognition by the Dectin-1 β-glucan receptor in vitro. Furthermore, using a mouse model of disseminated candidiasis, we demonstrate the requirement for neutrophils in triggering these fungal cell wall changes in vivo. Importantly, we found that fungal epitope unmasking requires an active fungal response in addition to the stimulus provided by neutrophil attack. NET-mediated damage initiates fungal MAP kinase-driven responses, particularly by Hog1, that dynamically relocalize cell wall remodeling machinery including Chs3, Phr1 and Sur7. Neutrophil-initiated cell wall disruptions augment some macrophage cytokine responses to attacked fungi. This work provides insight into host-pathogen interactions during disseminated candidiasis, including valuable information about how the C. albicans cell wall responds to the biotic stress of immune attack. Our results highlight the important but underappreciated concept that pattern recognition during infection is dynamic and depends on the host-pathogen dialog.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.