ReviewProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2016
Typhoid toxin provides a window into typhoid fever and the biology of Salmonella Typhi.
Review in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed.
- Salmonella enterica serovar typhi limits the potency of typhoid toxin and ADP-ribosylating toxin AB to establish a persistent infection.FEBS open bio · 2026Article
- A new mouse model of typhoid fever usingmBio · 2026Article
- Genomic characterization of antimicrobial resistance, virulence, and transmission of non-typhoidalFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Functional synergy of heteropentameric B subunits underlies virulence in a Salmonella A2B5 toxin.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Molecular basis of the hepatobiliary tropism of typhoid toxin promotingScience advances · 2025Article
- Typhoid toxin causes neuropathology by disrupting the blood-brain barrier.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- Multifaceted Evolution of the PhoPQ Two-Component System in Salmonella enterica Enhanced the Expression of Horizontally Acquired Virulence Genes.Molecular microbiology · 2025Article
- Assessing Salmonella Typhi Pathogenicity and Prevention: The Crucial Role of Vaccination in Combating Typhoid Fever.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Enhancing the Interpretability of Malaria and Typhoid Diagnosis with Explainable AI and Large Language Models.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Article
- Mechanisms of host adaptation by bacterial pathogens.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2024Review
- Article
- Mitochondrial injury induced by a Salmonella genotoxin triggers the proinflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Salmonellosis: An Overview of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Innovative Approaches to Mitigate the Antimicrobial Resistant Infections.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Aptamers: precision tools for diagnosing and treating infectious diseases.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Case Report: An Imported Case of Typhoid Fever Combined with Rhabdomyolysis and Multiple Organ Lesions in China.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Article
- The diverse landscape of AB5-type toxins.Engineering microbiology · 2023Review
- TheMicrobiology (Reading, England) · 2023Article
- FromACS omega · 2023Review
- Human Salmonellosis: A Continuous Global Threat in the Farm-to-Fork Food Safety Continuum.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Whole-genome sequencing of multidrug resistanceFrontiers in public health · 2023Article
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
Abstract
Salmonella Typhi is the cause of typhoid fever, a disease that has challenged humans throughout history and continues to be a major public health concern. Unlike infections with most other Salmonellae, which result in self-limiting gastroenteritis, typhoid fever is a life-threatening systemic disease. Furthermore, in contrast to most Salmonellae, which can infect a broad range of hosts, S. Typhi is a strict human pathogen. The unique features of S. Typhi pathogenesis and its stringent host specificity have been a long-standing puzzle. The discovery of typhoid toxin not only has provided major insight into these questions but also has offered unique opportunities to develop novel therapeutic and prevention strategies to combat typhoid fever.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.