ReviewInsights into imaging2016
Clinical and radiological features of extra-pulmonary sarcoidosis: a pictorial essay.
Review in Insights into imaging, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comprehensive radiological features of laryngeal sarcoidosis: cases series and systematic review.Neuroradiology · 2022Pooled it
- Unveiling the unexpected: Skeletal sarcoidosis with an extraosseous soft-tissue mass in the ligamentous portion of sacroiliac joint.Radiology case reports · 2026Article
- Article
- [Sarcoidosis].Radiologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Hepatic Sarcoidosis Mimicking a Metastatic Tumor.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2025Article
- Treatment of ocular sarcoidosis. Study of 65 patients from a series of 342 from a university hospital in northern Spain.International ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Spleen anomalies and lesions in CT and MRI: essentials for radiologists and clinicians-a pictorial review.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2025Review
- Article
- The Spectrum of Solitary Benign Splenic Lesions-Imaging Clues for a Noninvasive Diagnosis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- A Clinical and Pathophysiological Overview of Intestinal and Systemic Diseases Associated with Pancreatic Disorders: Causality or Casualty?Biomedicines · 2023Review
- From Karl Wurm and Guy Scadding's staging toFrontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Atypical and uncommon presentation of sarcoidosis with long segment involvement of the pharynx and larynx: Case report and review of literature.Radiology case reports · 2022Article
- Other types of diffuse liver disease: is there a way to do it?Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2020Review
- High-resolution ultrasound of the ankles in Lofgren syndrome: attention to detail may be the key to diagnosis.Journal of ultrasonography · 2020Article
- Incidence and Presentation of Sarcoidosis With and Without HIV Infection.Open forum infectious diseases · 2020Article
- CT Findings in Pulmonary and Abdominal Sarcoidosis. Implications for Diagnosis and Classification.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Review
- An Atypical Presentation of Extrapulmonary Sarcoidosis.Case reports in rheumatology · 2020Article
- Article
- Ultrasound imaging of abdominal sarcoidosis: State of the art.World journal of clinical cases · 2019Review
- Hepatic sarcoidosis with atypical radiological manifestations: A case report.Radiology case reports · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
unlabelledThe aim of this manuscript is to describe radiological findings of extra-pulmonary sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis is an immune-mediated systemic disease of unknown origin, characterized by non-caseating epitheliod granulomas. Ninety percent of patients show granulomas located in the lungs or in the related lymph nodes. However, lesions can affect any organ. Typical imaging features of liver and spleen sarcoidosis include visceromegaly, with multiple nodules hypodense on CT images and hypointense on T2-weighted MRI acquisitions. Main clinical and radiological manifestations of renal sarcoidosis are nephrolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis, and acute interstitial nephritis. Brain sarcoidosis shows multiple or solitary parenchymal nodules on MRI that enhance with a ring-like appearance after gadolinium. In spinal cord localization, MRI demonstrates enlargement and hyperintensity of spinal cord, with hypointense lesions on T2-weighted images. Skeletal involvement is mostly located in small bone, showing many lytic lesions; less frequently, bone lesions have a sclerotic appearance. Ocular involvement includes uveitis, conjunctivitis, optical nerve disease, chorioretinis. Erythema nodosum and lupus pernio represent the most common cutaneous manifestations encountered. Sarcoidosis in various organs can be very insidious for radiologists, showing different imaging features, often non-specific. Awareness of these imaging features helps radiologists to obtain the correct diagnosis. TEACHING POINTS: • Systemic sarcoidosis can exhibit abdominal, neural, skeletal, ocular, and cutaneous manifestations. • T2 signal intensity of hepatosplenic nodules may reflect the disease activity. • Heerfordt's syndrome includes facial nerve palsy, fever, parotid swelling, and uveitis. • In the vertebrae, osteolytic and/or diffuse sclerotic lesions can be found. • Erythema nodosum and lupus pernio represent the most common cutaneous manifestations.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.