ArticleBMC infectious diseases2016
Human papillomavirus infection in Rwanda at the moment of implementation of a national HPV vaccination programme.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Worldwide burden of cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) in women over 50 years with abnormal cytology: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ global health · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence and Type Distribution of Human Papillomavirus Recovered from the Uterine Cervix of Nigerian Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisAsian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2020Pooled it
- Trial
- Healthcare providers' perceptions of sexual health concerns among female patients with cervical and breast cancer and survivors in Rwanda: a qualitative interview study.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- "Even with one Man, but with many women, you can get cervical cancer": Qualitative exploration of women's perceptions and experiences of cervical cancer screening in Uganda: A community-based study.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- HPV burden in Armenia among unvaccinated women: a series of cross-sectional population-based prevalence surveys.Vaccine · 2025Article
- High Concordance between Vaginal Samples and Cervical Samples of Human Papillomavirus in Women Living with HIV in Rwanda.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus-Associated Head and Neck Cancer in Rwanda: A 10-Year Review.Cancer medicine · 2024Article
- Leveraging single-dose human papillomavirus vaccination dose-efficiency to attain cervical cancer elimination in resource-constrained settings.Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Monographs · 2024Article
- Human papillomavirus vaccine effect against human papillomavirus infection in Rwanda: evidence from repeated cross-sectional cervical-cell-based surveys.The Lancet. Global health · 2023Article
- Acceptability of integration of cervical cancer screening into routine HIV care, associated factors and perceptions among HIV-infected women: a mixed methods study at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda.BMC health services research · 2023Article
- Long-term human papillomavirus vaccination effectiveness and immunity in Rwandan women living with and without HIV: a study protocol.BMJ open · 2022Article
- Human papillomavirus prevalence in male and female university students in Gaborone, Botswana.Epidemiology and infection · 2022Article
- Knowledge, Barriers and Motivators to Cervical Cancer Screening in Rwanda: A Qualitative Study.International journal of women's health · 2022Article
- Screen, Notify, See, and Treat: Initial Results of Cervical Cancer Screening and Treatment in Rwanda.JCO global oncology · 2021Article
- Twelve-Year Trend in the Prevalence of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection Among Rwandan Women Living With HIV.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Human papillomavirus vaccine coverage in Rwanda: A population-level analysis by birth cohort.Vaccine · 2020Article
- Human papillomavirus genotypes in cervical and other HPV-related anogenital cancer in Rwanda, according to HIV status.International journal of cancer · 2020Article
- Novel concepts in cervical cancer screening: a comparison of VIA, HPV DNA test and p16Infectious agents and cancer · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCervical cancer is the most common female cancer in Rwanda that, in 2011, became the first African country to implement a national vaccination programme against human papillomavirus (HPV).
methodsTo provide a robust baseline for future evaluations of vaccine effectiveness, cervical cell specimens were obtained from 2508 women aged 18-69 years from the general population in Kigali, Rwanda, during 2013/14. 20 % of women were HIV-positive. Samples were used for liquid-based cytology and HPV testing (44 types) with GP5+/6+ PCR.
resultsHPV prevalence was 34 %, being highest (54 %) in women ≤19 years and decreasing to 20 % at age ≥50. Prevalence of high risk (HR) HPV and cytological abnormalities was 22 and 11 % respectively (including 2 % with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, HSIL) decreasing with age. Age-standardised prevalence of HR HPV was 22 % (or 19 % among HIV-negative women), and HPV16 was the most common type. Prevalence of HPV and cytological abnormalities were significantly higher in HIV-positive than HIV-negative women, and the difference increased with age. Other significant risk factors for HPV positivity in multivariate analyses were high lifetime number of sexual partners, receiving cash for sex, and being a farmer. 40 % of women with HSIL were infected with HPV16/18 and there was no significant difference between HIV-positive and HIV-negative women.
conclusionsThis study confirms Rwanda to be a setting of high prevalence of HPV and cervical disease that is worsened by HIV. These data will serve as a robust baseline for future evaluations of HPV vaccine programme effectiveness.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.