ArticleOncotarget2016
Tumor-infiltrating immune cell subpopulations influence the oncologic outcome after intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy in bladder cancer.
Article in Oncotarget, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 99 papers.
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Who cites it
99 citing papers in PubMed, 166 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular Classifications and Candidate Biomarkers for Personalizing BCG Therapy in Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Predictive and prognostic biomarkers of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy failure in bladder cancer patients: A systematic review.Molecular oncology · 2026Review
- Bladder cancer patients hospitalized in a medicine ward including three fuo cases following bacillus calmette-guérin immunotherapy.The Canadian journal of urology · 2026Article
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- Comprehensive Evaluation of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy in Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer Egyptian patients: a retrospective cohort study.Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute · 2026Article
- Immunotherapy role in bladder cancer treatment: a review of literature.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Complement tumor-crosstalk: the role of C5a receptors in urothelial carcinomas.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- CD163+ perivascular macrophages in schizophrenia: a research framework for testing macrophage-related mechanisms.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Characterisation of the tumour microenvironment and PD-L1 granularity reveals the prognostic value of cancer-associated myofibroblasts in non-invasive bladder cancer.Oncoimmunology · 2025Article
- State of the art of adjuvant immunotherapy in urothelial cancer: New developments and upcoming changes.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Microbial cancer immunotherapy reprograms hematopoiesis to enhance myeloid-driven anti-tumor immunity.Cancer cell · 2025Article
- Knockdown of CSF1R molecules enhances the antitumor effects of CD8Discover oncology · 2025Article
- BCG therapy in bladder cancer and its tumor microenvironment interactions.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Deconvoluting the interplay of innate and adaptive immunity in BCG-induced nonspecific and TB-specific host resistance.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Phenotypic characterization of tumor associated macrophages and circulating monocytes in patients with Urothelial carcinoma of bladder.Immunologic research · 2025Article
- Review of BCG immunotherapy for bladder cancer.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Prognostic Significance of Regulatory CD25+ T Cells in Bladder Cancer: An Immunohistochemical Analysis.Turk patoloji dergisi · 2025Article
- Evolving frontiers in bladder cancer immunotherapy: integrating BCG, immune checkpoints, viral vectors, nanotechnology, and CAR-based therapies.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Regulatory T cells in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: Immune modulators, prognostic markers, and therapeutic targets.Central European journal of urology · 2025Review
39 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the most successful immunotherapy for high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, approximately 30% of patients are unresponsive to treatment. New biomarkers are important to identify patients who will benefit most from BCG during a worldwide BCG shortage. Local immune cell subsets were measured on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections of bladder cancer by immunohistochemistry, using monoclonal antibodies to tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs; CD68, CD163), B-lymphocytes (CD20) and T-lymphocyte subsets (CD3, CD4, CD8, GATA3, T-bet, FOXP3 and CD25). Cell densities in the lamina propria without invasion, at the invasive front if present, in the papillary tumor stroma, and in the neoplastic urothelium were calculated. Twenty-nine (72.5%) of 40 patients were classified as BCG responders after a mean follow-up of 35.3 months. A statistically significant association was observed for BCG failure with low density of CD4+ and GATA3+ T-cells, and increased expression of FOXP3+ and CD25+ regulatory T-cells (Tregs) as well as CD68+ and CD163+ TAMs. Survival analysis demonstrated prolonged recurrence-free survival (RFS) in patients with an increased count of CD4+ and GATA3+ T-cells. TAMs, Tregs and T-bet+ T-cells were inversely correlated with RFS. Thus, the tumor microenvironment seems to influence the therapeutic response to BCG, permitting an individualized treatment.
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