Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27219708›Full record

ArticleNature chemistry2016

A highly stretchable autonomous self-healing elastomer.

Cheng-Hui Li, Chao Wang, Christoph Keplinger, Jing-Lin Zuo, Lihua Jin, Yang Sun, Peng Zheng, Yi Cao, Franziska Lissel, Christian Linder and 2 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Nature chemistry, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 207 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
207citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

207 citing papers in PubMed.

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  19. Nature-Inspired Innovation in Electrical Engineering Technologies and Applications.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Review
  20. Review

147 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Cheng-Hui LiDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
Chao WangDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
Christoph KeplingerDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9151-4100
Jing-Lin ZuoState Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
Lihua JinDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
Yang SunNational Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
Peng ZhengState Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
Yi CaoNational Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.ORCID 0000-0003-1493-7868
Franziska LisselDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
Christian LinderDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
Xiao-Zeng YouState Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
Zhenan BaoDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

It is a challenge to synthesize materials that possess the properties of biological muscles-strong, elastic and capable of self-healing. Herein we report a network of poly(dimethylsiloxane) polymer chains crosslinked by coordination complexes that combines high stretchability, high dielectric strength, autonomous self-healing and mechanical actuation. The healing process can take place at a temperature as low as -20 °C and is not significantly affected by surface ageing and moisture. The crosslinking complexes used consist of 2,6-pyridinedicarboxamide ligands that coordinate to Fe(III) centres through three different interactions: a strong pyridyl-iron one, and two weaker carboxamido-iron ones through both the nitrogen and oxygen atoms of the carboxamide groups. As a result, the iron-ligand bonds can readily break and re-form while the iron centres still remain attached to the ligands through the stronger interaction with the pyridyl ring, which enables reversible unfolding and refolding of the chains. We hypothesize that this behaviour supports the high stretchability and self-healing capability of the material.

Identifiers

PMID27219708

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.