ArticleJournal of pathology informatics2016
Exploring virtual reality technology and the Oculus Rift for the examination of digital pathology slides.
Article in Journal of pathology informatics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluating the effectiveness of learning ear anatomy using holographic models.Journal of otolaryngology - head & neck surgery = Le Journal d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-faciale · 2020Trial
- SparStVR - exploring sparse 3D histology data in virtual reality.Communications engineering · 2026Article
- Immersive virtual reality psychotherapy for children and adolescents-A systematic review and meta-analysis.Internet interventions · 2026Review
- The Augmented Cytopathologist: A Conceptual Exploratory Narrative Review on Immersive and Vision-Language Models Tools in Digital Pathology.Journal of imaging · 2026Review
- A comparative usability assessment of computer input devices for navigating digital whole slide images.Journal of pathology informatics · 2025Article
- Use of Virtual Reality in Physical Therapy as an Intervention and Diagnostic Tool.Rehabilitation research and practice · 2024Review
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- Virtual Models Using Augmented Reality May Provide a Suitable Supplement, Although Not a Physical Specimen Replacement, in Pathology Education.Medical science educator · 2023Article
- Visual-spatial dimension integration in digital pathology education enhances anatomical pathology learning.BMC medical education · 2022Article
- A Brave New World: Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality in Systems Biology.Frontiers in bioinformatics · 2022Article
- Virtual and augmented reality for biomedical applications.Cell reports. Medicine · 2021Review
- Augmented, Mixed, and Virtual Reality-Based Head-Mounted Devices for Medical Education: Systematic Review.JMIR serious games · 2021Review
- Three-Dimensional Surface Imaging and Printing in Anatomic Pathology.Journal of pathology informatics · 2021Article
- Using Virtual Reality to Improve Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence in the Treatment of HIV: Open-Label Repeated Measure Study.Interactive journal of medical research · 2019Article
- Evaluation of Virtual Reality for Detection of Lung Nodules on Computed Tomography.Tomography (Ann Arbor, Mich.) · 2018Article
- IMHOTEP: virtual reality framework for surgical applications.International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery · 2018Article
- Will Digital Pathology be as Disruptive as Genomics?Journal of pathology informatics · 2018Article
- Visualization of molecular structures using HoloLens-based augmented reality.AMIA Joint Summits on Translational Science proceedings. AMIA Joint Summits on Translational Science · 2017Article
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDigital slides obtained from whole slide imaging (WSI) platforms are typically viewed in two dimensions using desktop personal computer monitors or more recently on mobile devices. To the best of our knowledge, we are not aware of any studies viewing digital pathology slides in a virtual reality (VR) environment. VR technology enables users to be artificially immersed in and interact with a computer-simulated world. Oculus Rift is among the world's first consumer-targeted VR headsets, intended primarily for enhanced gaming. Our aim was to explore the use of the Oculus Rift for examining digital pathology slides in a VR environment.
methodsAn Oculus Rift Development Kit 2 (DK2) was connected to a 64-bit computer running Virtual Desktop software. Glass slides from twenty randomly selected lymph node cases (ten with benign and ten malignant diagnoses) were digitized using a WSI scanner. Three pathologists reviewed these digital slides on a 27-inch 5K display and with the Oculus Rift after a 2-week washout period. Recorded endpoints included concordance of final diagnoses and time required to examine slides. The pathologists also rated their ease of navigation, image quality, and diagnostic confidence for both modalities.
resultsThere was 90% diagnostic concordance when reviewing WSI using a 5K display and Oculus Rift. The time required to examine digital pathology slides on the 5K display averaged 39 s (range 10-120 s), compared to 62 s with the Oculus Rift (range 15-270 s). All pathologists confirmed that digital pathology slides were easily viewable in a VR environment. The ratings for image quality and diagnostic confidence were higher when using the 5K display.
conclusionUsing the Oculus Rift DK2 to view and navigate pathology whole slide images in a virtual environment is feasible for diagnostic purposes. However, image resolution using the Oculus Rift device was limited. Interactive VR technologies such as the Oculus Rift are novel tools that may be of use in digital pathology.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.