ArticleThe Pan African medical journal2016
Microbial contamination of traditional liquid herbal medicinal products marketed in Mwanza city: magnitude and risk factors.
Article in The Pan African medical journal, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Microbial Contamination of Herbal Medicines in Africa, 2000-2024: A Systematic Review.Environmental health insights · 2024Review
- Contamination of herbal medicinal products in low-and-middle-income countries: A systematic review.Heliyon · 2023Review
- Prevalence and dynamics of clinically significant bacterial contaminants in herbal medicines sold in East Africa from 2000 to 2020: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Tropical medicine and health · 2021Article
- Bacterial and heavy metal contamination in selected commonly sold herbal medicine in Blantyre, Malawi.Malawi medical journal : the journal of Medical Association of Malawi · 2020Article
- Evaluation of the Microbial Load and Heavy Metal Content of Two Polyherbal Antimalarial Products on the Ghanaian Market.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2020Article
- Evaluation of Heavy Metal and Microbial Contamination in Green Tea and Herbal Tea Used for Weight Loss in the Palestinian Market.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
introductionThe use of the traditional herbal medicinal products (THMPs) has been increasing worldwide due to the readily availability of raw materials and low cost compared to the synthetic industrial preparations. With this trend in mind, the safety and quality of THMPs need to be addressed so as to protect the community. The present study evaluated the magnitude and risk factors associated with microbial contamination of liquid THMPs marketed in Mwanza.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in Mwanza city involving 59 participants from whom 109 liquid THMPs were collected and processed following the standard operating procedures. The data were analyzed using STATA software version 11.
resultsThe median age (interquartile range) of participants was 35 (27-43) years, with males accounting for 36 (61%). Of 109 liquid THMPs collected, 89 (81.7%) were found to be contaminated; with predominant fecal coliforms being Klebsiella spp and Enterobacter spp. fortunately, no pathogenic bacteria like Salmonella spp and Shigella spp were isolated. There was a significant association of liquid THMPs contamination with low education level (p< 0.001), lack of formal training on THMPs (p = 0.023), lack of registration with the Ministry of Health (p = 0.001), lack of packaging of products (p < 0.001) and use of unboiled solvents during preparation of THMPs (p < 0.001).
conclusionThere is high contamination rate of liquid THMPs in Mwanza City which is attributable to individuals and system-centered factors. Urgent measures to provide education to individuals involved in THMPs as well as setting up policies and regulations to reinforce THMPs safety is needed.
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