ArticleThe American journal of sports medicine2016
Multivariate Analysis of the Risk Factors for First-Time Noncontact ACL Injury in High School and College Athletes: A Prospective Cohort Study With a Nested, Matched Case-Control Analysis.
Article in The American journal of sports medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extrinsic Risk Factors for Primary Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Adolescents Aged between 14 and 18 years: A Systematic Review.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Pooled it
- Do knee abduction kinematics and kinetics predict future anterior cruciate ligament injury risk? A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2020Pooled it
- Associations of Functional Movement Screen Scores and Joint Stability Tests with Non-Contact Lower-Limb Injury Burden in Collegiate Athletes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Foot and Ankle Contributions to Noncontact ACL Injury Risk: A Systematic Review.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2026Review
- Posterior Horn Meniscus Centroid Position Is Altered Soon After Noncontact ACL Injury in Males and Females.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2026Article
- Knee laxity, joint hypermobility, femoral anteversion, hamstring extensibility and navicular drop as risk factors for non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury in female athletes: A 4.5-year prospective cohort study.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2025Article
- Rebound incidence of anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions in the peripandemic coronavirus disease era: An audit of centers experience.Bulletin of the Hospital for Joint Disease (2013) · 2025Article
- Impact of Biomechanical, Anthropometric, and Temporal Factors on the Return-to-Sport Rate in Recreational Athletes with ACL Reconstruction: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Anatomic Risk Factors for Initial and Secondary Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: A Prospective Cohort Study in 880 Female Elite Handball and Soccer Players.The American journal of sports medicine · 2025Article
- Predictors of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears in Adolescents and Young Adults.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2024Article
- ACL Injury Etiology in Its Context: A Systems Thinking, Group Model Building Approach.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Risk Factors for Concomitant Meniscal Injury With Sport-Related Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2023Article
- The Impact of Differential Knee Laxity on Brain Activation During Passive Knee Joint Loading.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2023Article
- Bayesian Calibration of Computational Knee Models to Estimate Subject-Specific Ligament Properties, Tibiofemoral Kinematics, and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Force With Uncertainty Quantification.Journal of biomechanical engineering · 2023Article
- Key Thresholds and Relative Contributions of Knee Geometry, Anteroposterior Laxity, and Body Weight as Risk Factors for Noncontact ACL Injury.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2023Article
- Intrinsic Risk Factors for First-Time Noncontact ACL Injury: A Prospective Study of College and High School Athletes.Sports health · 2023Article
- Demographic Factors and Instantaneous Lower Extremity Injury Occurrence in a National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Population.Journal of athletic training · 2023Article
- Morphometric characteristics of the knee are associated with the injury of the meniscus.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2022Article
- Sex-Specific Changes in Physical Risk Factors for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury by Chronological Age and Stages of Growth and Maturation From 8 to 18 Years of Age.Journal of athletic training · 2022Article
- ACL Research Retreat IX Summary Statement: The Pediatric Athlete, March 17-19, 2022; High Point, North Carolina.Journal of athletic training · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMultivariate analysis that identifies the combination of risk factors associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) trauma is important because it provides insight into whether a variable has a direct causal effect on risk or an indirect effect that is mediated by other variables. It can also reveal risk factors that might not be evident in univariate analyses; if a variable's effect is moderated by other variables, its association with risk may be apparent only after adjustment for the other variables. Most important, multivariate analyses can identify combinations of risk factors that are more predictive of risk than individual risk factors. HYPOTHESIS: A diverse combination of risk factors predispose athletes to first-time noncontact ACL injury, and these relationships are different for male and female athletes. STUDY
designCase-control study; Level of evidence, 3.
methodsAthletes competing in organized sports at the high school and college levels participated in this study. Data from injured subjects (109 suffering an ACL injury) and matched controls (227 subjects) from the same athletic team were analyzed with multivariate conditional logistic regression to examine the effects of combinations of variables (demographic characteristics, joint laxity, lower extremity alignment, strength, and personality traits) on the risk of suffering their first ACL injury and to construct risk models.
resultsFor male athletes, increases in anterior-posterior displacement of the tibia relative to the femur (knee laxity), posterior knee stiffness, navicular drop, and a decrease in standing quadriceps angle were jointly predictive of suffering an ACL injury. For female athletes the combined effects of having a parent who had suffered an ACL injury and increases in anterior-posterior knee laxity and body mass index were predictive of ACL injury.
conclusionMultivariate models provided more information about ACL injury risk than individual risk factors. Both male and female risk models included increased anterior-posterior knee laxity as a predictor of ACL injury but were otherwise dissimilar.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.