ReviewCirculation2016
Access to Medications for Cardiovascular Diseases in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.
Review in Circulation, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 92 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
92 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 185 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global, regional, and national burden of cardiovascular diseases among postmenopausal women, 1990-2040: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021.Journal of advanced research · 2026Pooled it
- Prescribing patterns for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Pooled it
- Cost-effectiveness of Ezetimibe plus statin lipid-lowering therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cost-utility studies.PloS one · 2022Pooled it
- Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Ultra-Long-Acting, Long-Acting, Intermediate-Acting, and Biosimilar Insulins for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: a Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.Journal of general internal medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Health System Capacity and Access Barriers to Diagnosis and Treatment of CVD and Diabetes in Nepal.Global heart · 2021Pooled it
- Availability, Affordability, Access, and Pricing of Anti-cancer Medicines in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review of Literature.Frontiers in public health · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Burden of Ischaemic heart disease and attributable risk factors in China from 1990 to 2015: findings from the global burden of disease 2015 study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2018Pooled it
- Trial
- Ischemic heart disease burden and healthcare system readiness across sub-Saharan Africa.Nature cardiovascular research · 2026Review
- Profiling and outcomes of medically indigent patients in Southwest China: a single-center retrospective case series survey study.International journal for equity in health · 2026Article
- Exploring factors affecting access to non-communicable disease medicines in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Comparative Analysis of the Average Recommendation Time for the Incorporation of Biological Drugs for Cancer and Rheumatoid Arthritis.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2026Article
- The evolving landscape of cardiovascular health in Africa: insights from WHO AFRO.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- Global, Regional, and National Burden and Trends of Hypertensive Heart Disease Among Women of Childbearing Age from 1992 to 2021.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- Prices, availability, and affordability of selected medicines for asthma management in Nigeria: a nationwide study.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Availability of essential medicines for non-communicable diseases: a scoping review of challenges and opportunities.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Association between trace metal element levels and ideal cardiovascular health in adolescents.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Potential Impact ofAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Real-world analysis of characteristics and guideline adherence of antiplatelet drugs prescriptions among patients with coronary artery disease and its comorbidities: a cross-sectional study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Article
32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent the highest burden of disease globally. Medicines are a critical intervention used to prevent and treat CVD. This review describes access to medication for CVD from a health system perspective and strategies that have been used to promote access, including providing medicines at lower cost, improving medication supply, ensuring medicine quality, promoting appropriate use, and managing intellectual property issues. Using key evidence in published and gray literature and systematic reviews, we summarize advances in access to cardiovascular medicines using the 5 health system dimensions of access: availability, affordability, accessibility, acceptability, and quality of medicines. There are multiple barriers to access of CVD medicines, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Low availability of CVD medicines has been reported in public and private healthcare facilities. When patients lack insurance and pay out of pocket to purchase medicines, medicines can be unaffordable. Accessibility and acceptability are low for medicines used in secondary prevention; increasing use is positively related to country income. Fixed-dose combinations have shown a positive effect on adherence and intermediate outcome measures such as blood pressure and cholesterol. We have a new opportunity to improve access to CVD medicines by using strategies such as efficient procurement of low-cost, quality-assured generic medicines, development of fixed-dose combination medicines, and promotion of adherence through insurance schemes that waive copayment for long-term medications. Monitoring progress at all levels, institutional, regional, national, and international, is vital to identifying gaps in access and implementing adequate policies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.