Observational studyBMC infectious diseases2016
Epidemiology and outcome of sepsis in adult patients with Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in a Norwegian county 1993-2011: an observational study.
Observational study in BMC infectious diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prognostic factors for mortality in invasive pneumococcal disease in adult: a system review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2021Pooled it
- Immunogenicity and safety of a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine administered in a prime-boost regimen among Chinese infants: a randomized, double blind phase III clinical trial.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Trial
- Early identification of sepsis in hospital inpatients by ward nurses increases 30-day survival.Critical care (London, England) · 2016Trial
- Review
- Nano-Biotechnology for Bacteria Identification and Potent Anti-bacterial Properties: A Review of Current State of the Art.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- A Jack of All Trades: The Role of Pneumococcal Surface Protein A in the Pathogenesis ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Bacterial Interactions withMicroorganisms · 2021Review
- Septic Shock and Purpura Fulminans Due to Streptococcus pneumoniae Bacteremia in an Unvaccinated Immunocompetent Adult: Case Report and Review.The American journal of case reports · 2020Review
- Factors Associated With Severe Nonmeningitis Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Adults in France.Open forum infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Association of iron status with the risk of bloodstream infections: results from the prospective population-based HUNT Study in Norway.Intensive care medicine · 2018Article
- Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support for neonatal and pediatric refractory septic shock: more than 15 years of learning.European journal of pediatrics · 2018Observational
- Burden of bloodstream infection in an area of Mid-Norway 2002-2013: a prospective population-based observational study.BMC infectious diseases · 2017Observational
- Clinical characteristics of patients with severe sepsis and septic shock in relation to bacterial virulence of beta-hemolyticAcute medicine & surgeryArticle
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInvasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is responsible for significant mortality and morbidity worldwide. There are however few longitudinal studies on the changes in case fatality rate of IPD in recent years. We carried out a prospective observational study of patients with IPD in Nord Trøndelag county in Norway from 1993 to 2011 to study the clinical variables and disease outcome. The main outcome was all-cause mortality after 30 and 90 days.
methodsPatients with positive blood cultures were registered prospectively by the microbiology laboratory and clinical variables were registered retrospectively from patients' hospital records. The severity of sepsis was assigned according to the 2001 International Sepsis Definition Conference criteria. The association between mortality and predictive factors was studied using a logistic regression model.
resultsThe total number of patients was 414 with mean age of 67 years and 53 % were male. Comorbidity was assessed by the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). A CCI-score of 0 was registered in 144 patients (34.8 %), whereas 190 had a score of 1-2 (45.9 %) and 80 (19.3 %) had a score ≥3. 68.8 % of the patients received appropriate antibiotics within the first 6 h. The 30-day mortality risk increased by age and was 3-fold higher for patients aged ≥80 years (24.9, 95 % CI 16.4-33.4 %) compared to patients aged <70 (8.0, 95 % CI 3.5-12.4 %). 110 patients, (26.6 %) had severe sepsis and 37 (8.9 %) had septic shock. The 30 day all-cause mortality risk for those with sepsis without organ failure was 5.4 % (95 % CI 2.7-8.0 %), 20.2 % (95 % CI 13.5-27.4 %) for those with severe sepsis and 35.0 % (95 % CI 21.6-49.0 %) for those with septic shock. The mortality risk did not differ between the first and the second halves of the study period with a 30-day mortality risk of 13.5 % (95 % CI 7.9-19.2 %) for 1993-2002 versus 11.8 % (95 % CI 8.2-15.3 %) for 2003-2011.
conclusionIPD carries a high mortality despite early and appropriate antibiotics in most cases. We found no substantial decrease in case fatality rate during the study period of 18 years. Older age and higher severity of disease were important risk factors for death in IPD.
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