ArticleHuman immunology2016
An exploratory approach demonstrating immune skewing and a loss of coordination among cytokines in plasma and saliva of Veterans with combat-related PTSD.
Article in Human immunology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in post-traumatic stress disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- The effect of acute stress on salivary markers of inflammation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2020Pooled it
- Psychological Scars and Physical Consequences: Linking PTSD to Cardiovascular Health.Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 2026Review
- Causal relationship between inflammatory cytokines and posttraumatic stress disorder: a Mendelian randomization study and potential mechanism analysis.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2025Article
- Research Progress on Inflammation and Immune Dysregulation in PTSD.Brain and behavior · 2025Review
- Significant Associations Between Blood Cell Counts and Plasma Cytokines, Chemokines, and Growth Factors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Causal Relationship Between Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Immune Cell Traits: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Brain and behavior · 2024Article
- Basal forebrain cholinergic systems as circuits through which traumatic stress disrupts emotional memory regulation.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2024Review
- FLI1 in PBMCs contributes to elevated inflammation in combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Inescapable foot shock induces a PTSD-like phenotype and negatively impacts adult murine bone.Disease models & mechanisms · 2024Article
- Associations Between Direct and Indirect Forms of Racism Exposure and Stress-Induced Inflammatory Response and Health in Pregnancy.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2023Article
- The Role of the Adrenal-Gut-Brain Axis on Comorbid Depressive Disorder Development in Diabetes.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Stress- and drug-induced neuroimmune signaling as a therapeutic target for comorbid anxiety and substance use disorders.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2022Review
- The neuroimmunology of social-stress-induced sensitization.Nature immunology · 2022Review
- The role of the immune system in posttraumatic stress disorder.Translational psychiatry · 2022Review
- Neuroinflammation in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Changes in the Serum Levels of Cytokines: IL-1β, IL-4, IL-8 and IL-10 in Depression with and without Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.Brain sciences · 2022Article
- Asthma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): Emerging links, potential models and mechanisms.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2021Review
- Splenic denervation attenuates repeated social defeat stress-induced T-lymphocyte inflammation.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2021Article
- Measuring salivary markers of inflammation in health research: A review of methodological considerations and best practices.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Studies have suggested PTSD to be associated with an inflammatory state, although few studies have examined the balances between stimulatory and inhibitory immune mediators in PTSD. An exploratory approach was taken to assess the immune imbalances between Th1 stimulatory, inflammatory and inhibitory mediators associated with PTSD. This approach focused on a tightly-controlled and relatively homogeneous population of Veterans, all with similar levels of combat exposure in the Afghanistan and Iraq wars, but some testing negative and others testing positive for PTSD. Although the sample size was small (6 controls and 7 with PTSD) and a limitation of this study, the results showed significant imbalances in immune cytokines favoring a Th1 and inflammatory state, with reduced levels of inhibitory cytokines in Veterans with PTSD. This was particularly prominent in the saliva of PTSD subjects compared to in their plasma.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.