ReviewAnnals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials2016
Chemical structure and pharmacokinetics of novel quinolone agents represented by avarofloxacin, delafloxacin, finafloxacin, zabofloxacin and nemonoxacin.
Review in Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Managing community acquired pneumonia in the elderly - the next generation of pharmacotherapy on the horizon.Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy · 2017Pooled it
- Designing the Next Generation of Antibiotics: Structure, SAR, and Strategy in Medicinal Chemistry (2000-2025).Medicinal research reviews · 2026Review
- The Role of Pyrrolidine in Antibacterial Drug Discovery: Clinically Approved Antibiotics, Novel Derivatives, and Future Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Novel Therapeutic Approaches and Alternatives to Antibiotic Therapy for Drug-Resistant Intra-Abdominal Infections.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Klebsiella pneumoniae in the global AMR: resistance mechanisms and genomic adaptation.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Review
- Design, Synthesis, and Bioevaluation of Moxifloxacin Hydrazide Metal Complexes: Integrated Spectroscopic, Computational, Antimicrobial, and Anticancer Investigations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Multiscale Plant Defense Strategies against Ciprofloxacin Stress: From Chloroplast-Centered Adaptation to Microbiome Coordination.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Evaluation of the efficacy, safety, and economy of nemonoxacin injection versus moxifloxacin injection in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Review
- Detection of Delafloxacin Resistance Mechanisms in Multidrug-ResistantAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The latest research progress on the clinical application of nemonoxacin.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Analysis of molecular mechanisms of delafloxacin resistance in Escherichia coli.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Treatment of MRSA Infection: Where are We?Current medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
- The Role of Five-Membered Heterocycles in the Molecular Structure of Antibacterial Drugs Used in Therapy.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Updated Review on Clinically-Relevant Properties of Delafloxacin.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Discovery of Novel Pentacyclic Triterpene Acid Amide Derivatives as Excellent Antimicrobial Agents Dependent on Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Article
- Investigation of Delafloxacin Resistance in Multidrug-ResistantMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Magic bullets, magic shields, and antimicrobials in between.Pharmaceutical science advances · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Quinolones are potent antimicrobial agents with a basic chemical structure of bicyclic ring. Fluorine atom at position C-6 and various substitutions on the basic quinolone structure yielded fluoroquinolones, namely norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin and numerous other agents. The target molecules of quinolones and fluoroquinolones are bacterial gyrase and topoisomerase IV enzymes. Broad-spectrum and excellent tissue penetration make fluoroquinolones potent agents but their toxic side effects and increasing number of resistant pathogens set limits on their use. This review focuses on recent advances concerning quinolones and fluoroquinolones, we will be summarising chemical structure, mode of action, pharmacokinetic properties and toxicity. We will be describing fluoroquinolones introduced in clinical trials, namely avarofloxacin, delafloxacin, finafloxacin, zabofloxacin and non-fluorinated nemonoxacin. These agents have been proved to have enhanced antibacterial effect even against ciprofloxacin resistant pathogens, and found to be well tolerated in both oral and parenteral administrations. These features are going to make them potential antimicrobial agents in the future.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.