ArticleEnvironmental health : a global access science source2016
PBDE flame retardants, thyroid disease, and menopausal status in U.S. women.
Article in Environmental health : a global access science source, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 98 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations between gestational polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) serum concentrations and child sleep outcomes from ages 2-8 years.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Associations between persistent organic pollutants and thyroid-related hormones and homeostasis parameters in middle-aged to older men and postmenopausal women: The HCHS/SOL.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers, Occupational Exposures, and Thyroid Function Among US and Canadian Firefighters: A Cross-sectional Study.Journal of occupational and environmental medicine · 2025Article
- A State of the Science Review of Human Health Effects of the Michigan Polybrominated Biphenyl Contamination after Five Decades.Environmental health perspectives · 2025Review
- Sex-specific associations between brominated flame retardants exposure and phenotypic age acceleration in NHANES 2005-2010.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Single-cell transcriptomics unveiled that early life BDE-99 exposure reprogrammed the gut-liver axis to promote a proinflammatory metabolic signature in male mice at late adulthood.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2024Article
- Exposure to Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- A follow-up study on factors affecting the recovery of patients with hypothyroidism in different selenium environments.BMC endocrine disorders · 2024Article
- Update of the risk assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in food.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2024Article
- Differential gene expression and developmental pathologies associated with persistent organic pollutants in sentinel fish in Troutman Lake, Sivuqaq, Alaska.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2024Article
- Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) and Human Health: Effects on Metabolism, Diabetes and Cancer.Cancers · 2023Review
- An Analysis of the Structural Relationship between Thyroid Hormone-Signaling Disruption and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers: Potential Implications for Male Infertility.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Hormone receptor activities of complex mixtures of known and suspect chemicals in personal silicone wristband samplers worn in office buildings.Chemosphere · 2023Article
- Mechanisms of Male Reproductive Toxicity of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Correlates of Positive Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies Among Firefighters: A Cross-Sectional-Study.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2022Article
- A comparative analysis of histologic types of thyroid cancer between career firefighters and other occupational groups in Florida.BMC endocrine disorders · 2022Article
- Strengthening Causal Inference in Exposomics Research: Application of Genetic Data and Methods.Environmental health perspectives · 2022Article
- Major contaminants of emerging concern in soils: a perspective on potential health risks.RSC advances · 2022Review
- The Effects of Organophosphate Esters Used as Flame Retardants and Plasticizers on Granulosa, Leydig, and Spermatogonial Cells Analyzed Using High-Content Imaging.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2022Article
- Gene expression profiling after exposure to a chemical carcinogen, Pentabrominated Diphenyl Ether, at different life stages.Frontiers in toxicology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWomen have elevated rates of thyroid disease compared to men. Environmental toxicants have been implicated as contributors to this dimorphism, including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), flame retardant chemicals that disrupt thyroid hormone action. PBDEs have also been implicated in the disruption of estrogenic activity, and estrogen levels regulate thyroid hormones. Post-menopausal women may therefore be particularly vulnerable to PBDE induced thyroid effects, given low estrogen reserves. The objective of this study was to test for an association between serum PBDE concentrations and thyroid disease in women from the United States (U.S.), stratified by menopause status.
methodsSerum PBDE concentrations (BDEs 47, 99, 100 and 153) from the National Health and Examination Survey (NHANES) and reports on thyroid problems were available in the NHANES 2003-2004 cycle. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using multivariate logistic regression models accounting for population-weighted survey techniques and controlling for age, body mass index (BMI), education, smoking, alcohol consumption and thyroid medication. Menopause status was obtained by self-reported absence of menstruation in the previous 12 months and declared menopause.
resultsWomen in the highest quartile of serum concentrations for BDEs 47, 99, and 100 had increased odds of currently having thyroid disease (ORs: 1.5, 1.8, 1.5, respectively) compared to the reference group (1st and 2nd quartiles combined); stronger associations were observed when the analysis was restricted to postmenopausal women (ORs: 2.2, 3.6, 2.0, respectively).
conclusionExposure to BDEs 47, 99, and 100 is associated with thyroid disease in a national sample of U.S. women, with greater effects observed post-menopause, suggesting that the disruption of thyroid signaling by PBDEs may be enhanced by the altered estrogen levels during menopause.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.