ReviewImmunology2016
Strategies for designing synthetic immune agonists.
Review in Immunology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Controlled-release nanoparticle of toll-like receptors-7/8 agonist enhances immune activation and inhibits gastric cancer in a preclinical mouse model.Cancer cell international · 2026Article
- Infection-induced trained immunity: a twist in paradigm of innate host defense and generation of immunological memory.Infection and immunity · 2025Review
- Betrixaban is a broad anti-virus inhibitor by activating innate immunity.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Adjuvant activity of tubeimosides by mediating the local immune microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Nanoparticle and virus-like particle vaccine approaches against SARS-CoV-2.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2022Review
- Small Molecule Calcium Channel Activator Potentiates Adjuvant Activity.ACS chemical biology · 2022Article
- Engineered Cell Membrane-Derived Nanoparticles in Immune Modulation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2021Review
- Evolution of Toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist therapeutics and their delivery approaches: From antiviral formulations to vaccine adjuvants.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2021Review
- Emerging concepts in the science of vaccine adjuvants.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2021Review
- Development of thermosensitive resiquimod-loaded liposomes for enhanced cancer immunotherapy.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2021Article
- Pharmacological modulation of nucleic acid sensors - therapeutic potential and persisting obstacles.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2019Review
- Significance and Role of Pattern Recognition Receptors in Malignancy.Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis · 2019Review
- Proximity Ligation Assays for In Situ Detection of Innate Immune Activation: Focus on In Vitro-Transcribed mRNA.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2019Article
- Therapeutic Targeting of RIG-I and MDA5 Might Not Lead to the Same Rome.Trends in pharmacological sciences · 2019Review
- Toll-like Receptor Agonist Conjugation: A Chemical Perspective.Bioconjugate chemistry · 2018Review
- NAB2 is a novel immune stimulator of MDA-5 that promotes a strong type I interferon response.Oncotarget · 2018Article
- Impact of Early-Life Exposures to Infections, Antibiotics, and Vaccines on Perinatal and Long-term Health and Disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Enhancing the immune system is a validated strategy to combat infectious disease, cancer and allergy. Nevertheless, the development of immune adjuvants has been hampered by safety concerns. Agents that can stimulate the immune system often bear structural similarities with pathogen-associated molecular patterns found in bacteria or viruses and are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Activation of these PRRs results in the immediate release of inflammatory cytokines, up-regulation of co-stimulatory molecules, and recruitment of innate immune cells. The distribution and duration of these early inflammatory events are crucial in the development of antigen-specific adaptive immunity in the forms of antibody and/or T cells capable of searching for and destroying the infectious pathogens or cancer cells. However, systemic activation of these PRRs is often poorly tolerated. Hence, different strategies have been employed to modify or deliver immune agonists in an attempt to control the early innate receptor activation through temporal or spatial restriction. These approaches include physicochemical manipulation, covalent conjugation, formulation and conditional activation/deactivation. This review will describe recent examples of discovery and optimization of synthetic immune agonists towards clinical application.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.