ArticleThe Pediatric infectious disease journal2016
Imaging Features of the Brain, Cerebral Vessels and Spine in Pediatric Tuberculous Meningitis With Associated Hydrocephalus.
Article in The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- A clinical practice guideline for tuberculous meningitis.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2026Guideline
- Global Frequency and Clinical Features of Stroke in Patients With Tuberculous Meningitis: A Systematic Review.JAMA network open · 2022Pooled it
- Clinical characteristics of childhood tuberculous meningitis and risk factors for severe neurological sequelae disaggregated by age group.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Case Report: Tuberculous meningitis presenting with multifocal cerebral infarction and hydrocephalus in a toddler.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- The progress of tuberculous meningitis medical management in adults.Surgical neurology international · 2026Review
- Intracranial manifestations of central nervous system tuberculosis in children.Pediatric radiology · 2025Review
- Radiological Evaluation of Extrathoracic Tuberculosis in Pediatric Patients.Journal of clinical practice and research · 2024Article
- Factors associated with in-hospital mortality in HIV-infected children treated for tuberculous meningitis hydrocephalus.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2024Article
- Tuberculosis revisted: classic imaging findings in childhood.Pediatric radiology · 2023Review
- Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Rifampicin in Plasma, Cerebrospinal Fluid, and Brain Extracellular Fluid in South African Children with Tuberculous Meningitis.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2023Article
- Bacterial meningitis in Africa.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Review
- Degree of ventriculomegaly predicts school-aged functional outcomes in preterm infants with intraventricular hemorrhage.Pediatric research · 2022Article
- Biomarkers of Tuberculous Meningitis and Pediatric Human Immunodeficiency Virus on the African Continent.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Review
- A pilot study of inflammatory mediators in brain extracellular fluid in paediatric TBM.PloS one · 2021Article
- Cerebrovascular complications in tuberculous meningitis-A magnetic resonance imaging study in 90 patients from a tertiary care hospital.The neuroradiology journal · 2020Article
- Tuberculous meningitis in children: Clinical management & outcome.The Indian journal of medical research · 2019Review
- The pathogenesis of tuberculous meningitis.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2019Review
- Checklists to guide the supportive and critical care of tuberculous meningitis.Wellcome open research · 2019Article
- Imaging of cerebrovascular complications of infection.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2018Review
- Tuberculous meningitis: a roadmap for advancing basic and translational research.Nature immunology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPediatric tuberculous meningitis (TBM) leads to high rates of mortality and morbidity. Prompt diagnosis and initiation of treatment are challenging; imaging findings play a key role in establishing the presumptive diagnosis. General brain imaging findings are well reported; however, specific data on cerebral vascular and spinal involvement in children are sparse.
methodsThis prospective cohort study examined admission and followed up computed tomography brain scans and magnetic resonance imaging scans of the brain, cerebral vessels (magnetic resonance angiogram) and spine at 3 weeks in children treated for TBM with hydrocephalus (HCP; inclusion criteria). Exclusion criteria were no HCP on admission, treatment of HCP or commencement of antituberculosis treatment before study enrollment. Imaging findings were examined in association with outcome at 6 months.
resultsForty-four patients (median age 3.3 [0.3-13.1] years) with definite (54%) or probable TBM were enrolled. Good clinical outcome was reported in 72%; the mortality rate was 16%. Infarcts were reported in 66% of patients and were predictive of poor outcome. Magnetic resonance angiogram abnormalities were reported in 55% of patients. Delayed tuberculomas developed in 11% of patients (after starting treatment). Spinal pathology was more common than expected, occurring in 76% of patients. Exudate in the spinal canal increased the difficulty of lumbar puncture and correlated with high cerebrospinal fluid protein content.
conclusionTBM involves extensive pathology in the central nervous system. Severe infarction was predictive of poor outcome although this was not the case for angiographic abnormalities. Spinal disease occurs commonly and has important implications for diagnosis and treatment. Comprehensive imaging of the brain, spine and cerebral vessels adds insight into disease pathophysiology.
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