ArticleCurrent addiction reports2014
Women and Smoking: The Effect of Gender on the Epidemiology, Health Effects, and Cessation of Smoking.
Article in Current addiction reports, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 96 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
96 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Clinical practice guideline of the Interamerican Society of Cardiology on primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in women.Archivos de cardiologia de Mexico · 2022Guideline
- Daily adherence to nicotine replacement therapy in low-income smokers: The role of gender, negative mood, motivation, and self-efficacy.Addictive behaviors · 2023Trial
- Feasibility and acceptability of testing a menstrual-cycle timed smoking cessation intervention for women of reproductive age (Project Phase): Results of a pilot randomized control trial.Addictive behaviors · 2022Trial
- Randomized Trial of Nicotine Inhaler for Pregnant Smokers.American journal of obstetrics & gynecology MFM · 2019Trial
- Gender differences in snus versus nicotine gum for cigarette avoidance among a sample of US smokers.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2016Trial
- Subjective response to nicotine by menstrual phase.Addictive behaviors · 2015Trial
- Nicotine self-administration suppresses both pro- and anti-inflammatory accumbens cytokines but does not induce apoptosis in female rats.Addiction neuroscience · 2026Article
- A genetically informed cross-lagged twin study of the longitudinal association between addiction-related behaviors and obesity.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Article
- Knowledge, Attitude, and Use of E-Cigarettes Among Syrian University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Understanding female smoking in urban China: motivations, stigma and shifting social norms-a qualitative focus group study.BMJ open · 2026Article
- We must look beyond primary reinforcement to understand nicotine use in women.Frontiers in neuroendocrinology · 2026Review
- Nicotine combined with estrogen activates protein kinase PKCι and TAO, while inhibiting specific MAP kinase pathways in cultured human neurons: an atlas of kinase activities for nicotine use disorder.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Article
- The Effect of Personality Traits and Psychological Resilience of University Students on Psychological Dependence on Cigarettes.Addiction & health · 2026Article
- Socioeconomic inequalities and smoking cessation among Hungarian adults: evidence from the European health interview survey.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Contraceptive hormone ethinyl estradiol but not levonorgestrel modulates the role of reinforcer-enhancement in nicotine self-administration in ovary-intact female Sprague-Dawley rats.Neuropharmacology · 2025Article
- Gender differences in smoking cessation support: a qualitative study of Dutch healthcare professionals' experiences.Health promotion international · 2025Article
- Real-World Effectiveness of Nicotine Replacement Therapy Sampling in Chinese Women of a Sex-Specific Smoking Cessation Program in Hong Kong, China.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Smoking relapse and withdrawal symptoms among smokers accessing smoking cessation services provided by the primary care settings of Qatar.Journal of public health research · 2025Article
- The Gut Microbiota-Sex-Immunity Axis in Non-Communicable Diseases.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
36 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Smoking is still the leading cause of premature morbidity and mortality. This paper examines new research on gender differences and the epidemiology of smoking, smoking-related morbidity and mortality, and factors that affect smoking cessation. The rate of decline in the prevalence of smoking has been slowing, especially among adolescent girls. New research suggests that, compared with men, women may be more susceptible to smoking-related morbidity and mortality. Gender-related barriers to smoking cessation include weight gain, sex hormones, and mood. Furthermore, the sensory aspects of smoking may have more of an effect on smoking treatment for women than for men. We discuss new studies that examine smoking-cessation interventions that may be particularly beneficial for women, including exercise (as an adjunct intervention), very low nicotine content cigarettes, and a variety of pharmacotherapy. Further research is needed to identify and target the gender-specific needs of smokers.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.