ReviewJournal of ophthalmology2016
Dry Eye Syndrome in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: Prevalence, Etiology, and Clinical Characteristics.
Review in Journal of ophthalmology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06939959 (Evaluating the Efficacy of Topical Insulin for the Restoration of Ocular Surface Interface in Dry Eye Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 106 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evaluating the Efficacy of Topical Insulin for the Restoration of Ocular Surface Interface in Dry Eye Disease
Who cites it
106 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 217 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diabetes mellitus is associated with dry eye syndrome: a meta-analysis.International ophthalmology · 2019Pooled it
- High Glucose Induces Biomolecular Dysregulation in Primary Human Corneal Epithelial Cells: Potential Biomarkers of Hyperglycemia-Driven Corneal Impairment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Bilateral anterior lens luxation with secondary glaucoma strongly associated with self-application of a percussion massage gun to closed eyelids: a case report.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Review
- Correlation between ocular surface characteristics and tear lymphotoxin-alpha in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus of different courses.International ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Article
- Comparative study of the therapeutic effects of different medications on DM-associated dry eye syndrome after vitrectomy.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Diabetic dry eye: advances in pathogenesis, diagnostic strategies, and therapeutic approaches.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Tear Film Alterations in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Beyond the Surface: Revealing the Concealed Effects of Hyperglycemia on Ocular Surface Homeostasis and Dry Eye Disease.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Type 2 diabetes complicated by dry eye syndrome: Analysis of dry eye symptoms, corneal neuropathy, and influencing factors.World journal of diabetes · 2025Article
- Analysis of the correlation between corneal and meibomian gland morphology and glycated hemoglobin levels in type 2 diabetes patients.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Cytokines in age-related eye diseases: pathogenesis and potential targets for innovative therapies.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Effects of physical activity on visual outcomes among type 2 diabetes patients: protocol for a scoping review of randomized controlled trials.Systematic reviews · 2025Article
- The Relationship Between Anxiety Sensitivity, Emotional States, and Dry Eye Disease Symptom Severity: A Cross-Sectional Study.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Sex Differences in the Lacrimal Gland: Implications for Dry Eye Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Leveraging large language models to improve patient education on dry eye disease.Eye (London, England) · 2025Article
- Effect of a Nano-Sized Lipid-Based Eye Drop on Diabetic Dry Eye.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Article
- Overview of Dry Eye Disease for Primary Care Physicians.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
46 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There has been substantial progress in our understanding of the ocular surface system/lacrimal function unit in the past 15 years. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca, more commonly referred to as dry eye syndrome (DES), is the most frequently encountered condition and diabetes mellitus (DM) has been identified as one of the leading causes of DES. Poor glycemic control affects both the anterior and the posterior segments of the eye and increasing prevalence of diabetes-associated DES (DMDES) has been reported in recent years. The pathogenesis and specific features of DMDES remain uncertain and interventions are limited to those used in DES. This review outlines the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and the current preventive and treatment strategies for diabetes-related DES.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.