ArticleCellular immunology
Th1 versus Th2 T cell polarization by whole-cell and acellular childhood pertussis vaccines persists upon re-immunization in adolescence and adulthood.
Article in Cellular immunology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Whole-cell pertussis vaccine in early infancy for the prevention of allergy in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Distinct early cellular kinetics in participants protected against colonization upon Bordetella pertussis challenge.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2023Trial
- Robust Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to Pertussis in Adults After a First Acellular Booster Vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Trial
- Trial
- Pre-existing antibodies predict protection while mucosal inflammation correlates with symptomaticmedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Released palmitic acid-mediated TLR4/NF-κB activation enhances the virulence of Bordetella pertussis MT28 lineage.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Immunological memory to vaccines.Immunity · 2026Review
- Evaluation of immune responses to Tdap booster during pregnancy in women who received whole cell or acellular pertussis vaccines during childhood.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Pertussis-A Re-Emerging Threat Despite Immunization: An Analysis of Vaccine Effectiveness and Antibiotic Resistance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Chikungunya virus-specific CD4Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Th1 polarization in Bordetella pertussis vaccine responses is maintained through a positive feedback loop.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The contributions of T cell-mediated immunity to protection from vaccine-preventable diseases: A primer.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Review
- Th1 polarization inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- IL-17 and IFN-γ-producing Respiratory Tissue-Resident Memory CD4 T Cells Persist for Decades in Adults Immunized as Children With Whole-Cell Pertussis Vaccines.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- High-resolution African HLA resource uncovers HLA-DRB1 expression effects underlying vaccine response.Nature medicine · 2024Article
- BECC438b TLR4 agonist supports unique immune response profiles from nasal and muscular DTaP pertussis vaccines in murine challenge models.Infection and immunity · 2024Article
- Maternal acellular pertussis vaccination in mice impairs cellular immunity to Bordetella pertussis infection in offspring.JCI insight · 2023Article
- T cell reactivity to Bordetella pertussis is highly diverse regardless of childhood vaccination.Cell host & microbe · 2023Article
- Pertussis in India: Past, Present, and Future.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2023Review
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The recent increase in cases of whooping cough among teenagers in the US suggests that the acellular Bordetella pertussis vaccine (aP) that became standard in the mid 1990s might be relatively less effective than the whole-bacteria formulation (wP) previously used since the 1950s. To understand this effect, we compared antibody and T cell responses to a booster immunization in subjects who received either the wP or aP vaccine as their initial priming dose in childhood. Antibody responses in wP- and aP-primed donors were similar. Magnitude of T cell responses was higher in aP-primed individuals. Epitope mapping revealed the T cell immunodominance patterns were similar for both vaccines. Further comparison of the ratios of IFNγ and IL-5 revealed that IFNγ strongly dominates the T cell response in wP-primed donors, while IL-5 is dominant in aP primed individuals. Surprisingly, this differential pattern is maintained after booster vaccination, at times from eighteen years to several decades after the original aP/wP priming. These findings suggest that childhood aP versus wP vaccination induces functionally different T cell responses to pertussis that become fixed and are unchanged even upon boosting.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.