ReviewNature reviews. Nephrology2016
Complement in disease: a defence system turning offensive.
Review in Nature reviews. Nephrology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 339 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
339 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 542 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role of Rituximab in ABO-Compatible Renal Transplantation: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Pooled it
- Immune cells mediate the causal pathway linking circulating complements to cancer: A Mendelian randomization study.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2024Pooled it
- Pitfalls in complement analysis: A systematic literature review of assessing complement activation.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Phase IIa clinical trial of complement C3 inhibitor AMY-101 in adults with periodontal inflammation.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2021Trial
- Article
- Role of complement and complement-targeted therapeutics in neurological diseases.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2026Review
- Comparison of serum C3, C3a, C4 levels between cataract patients with and without pseudoexfoliation and normal individuals.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Antibody-Dependent and Antibody-Independent Hemolysis in Sickle Cell Disease.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Characterizing Properdin-Inhibited C3 Nephritic Factors in Patients with Complement-Mediated Kidney Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Complement Inhibition in the Clinic: Are We Doing Enough to Protect Patients From Infection?European journal of immunology · 2026Review
- Reprogramming innate immunity through viral interference: A double-edged strategy for enhancing and containing gene therapies.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Review
- Decoding the Factor H-Related Proteins: Gatekeepers of Complement Dysregulation in AMD.European journal of immunology · 2026Review
- Production and characterization of gigastasin, a leech-derived inhibitor of complement and coagulation pathways.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Endothelial cell-secreted SPARC suppresses astrocytic CD59 expression and promotes astrocytopathy in a mouse model of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Adventitial Niches, Complement and Inflammation in Pulmonary Vascular Disease: Current Status and Future Directions.Comprehensive Physiology · 2026Review
- Complement system in cancer: friend or foe of immunotherapy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Review
- Complement role in kidney disease: a comprehensive review and therapeutic innovations.BMC nephrology · 2026Review
- Lipid nanoparticle-mediated Cd14 siRNA delivery ameliorates the acute inflammatory response to intracortical microelectrode implantation.Acta biomaterialia · 2026Article
- Comprehensive analysis of complement activation in a hydroxyurea-treated patient cohort with sickle cell disease.Blood advances · 2026Article
- Oxygen-dependent modulation of the human complement system during acute normobaric hypoxia: a translational plasma proteomics study.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Article
279 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Although the complement system is primarily perceived as a host defence system, a more versatile, yet potentially more harmful side of this innate immune pathway as an inflammatory mediator also exists. The activities that define the ability of the complement system to control microbial threats and eliminate cellular debris - such as sensing molecular danger patterns, generating immediate effectors, and extensively coordinating with other defence pathways - can quickly turn complement from a defence system to an aggressor that drives immune and inflammatory diseases. These host-offensive actions become more pronounced with age and are exacerbated by a variety of genetic factors and autoimmune responses. Complement can also be activated inappropriately, for example in response to biomaterials or transplants. A wealth of research over the past two decades has led to an increasingly finely tuned understanding of complement activation, identified tipping points between physiological and pathological behaviour, and revealed avenues for therapeutic intervention. This Review summarizes our current view of the key activating, regulatory, and effector mechanisms of the complement system, highlighting important crosstalk connections, and, with an emphasis on kidney disease and transplantation, discusses the involvement of complement in clinical conditions and promising therapeutic approaches.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.