Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27210758›Full record

ArticleCell reports2016

Two Pairs of ON and OFF Retinal Ganglion Cells Are Defined by Intersectional Patterns of Transcription Factor Expression.

David L Rousso, Mu Qiao, Ruth D Kagan, Masahito Yamagata, Richard D Palmiter, Joshua R Sanes

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 124 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
124citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

124 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  6. Intersectional expression ofAmerican journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
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  11. AAV-PHP.eB Peripheral Delivery and Central Expression in Cre Mice.The Journal of comparative neurology · 2026
    Article
  12. Article
  13. A complete spatial map of mouse retinal ganglion cells reveals density and gene expression specializations.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
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64 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

David L RoussoCenter for Brain Science and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Mu QiaoCenter for Brain Science and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Ruth D KaganCenter for Brain Science and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Masahito YamagataCenter for Brain Science and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Richard D PalmiterHHMI and Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Joshua R SanesCenter for Brain Science and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. Electronic address: sanesj@mcb.harvard.edu.

Funding

TROPIC FUNCTIONS OF NEUROTROPHINSP01NS034448 · NINDS · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI SANES, JOSHUA R · 1995 to 2004
$6.9M
Synaptic Choices in the Retinotectal SystemR01NS029169 · NINDS · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI SANES, JOSHUA R · 1991 to 2012
$6.0M
Synaptic Choices in the Retinotectal SystemR37NS029169 · NINDS · HARVARD UNIVERSITY · PI SANES, JOSHUA R · 2013 to 2019
$4.0M
Combinatorial roles of cadherins in retinal circuit assembly.R01EY022073 · NEI · HARVARD UNIVERSITY · PI SANES, JOSHUA R · 2012 to 2020
$3.7M
Characterization of a newly-discovered cell type family in the retinaF32EY025119 · NEI · HARVARD UNIVERSITY · PI ROUSSO, DAVID LEON · 2015 to 2016
$109k
NEI NIH HHS F32 EY025119NEI NIH HHS R01 EY022073NINDS NIH HHS P01 NS034448NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS029169NINDS NIH HHS R37 NS029169
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Visual information is conveyed to the brain by axons of >30 retinal ganglion cell (RGC) types. Characterization of these types is a prerequisite to understanding visual perception. Here, we identify a family of RGCs that we call F-RGCs on the basis of expression of the transcription factor Foxp2. Intersectional expression of Foxp1 and Brn3 transcription factors divides F-RGCs into four types, comprising two pairs, each composed of closely related cells. One pair, F-mini(ON) and F-mini(OFF), shows robust direction selectivity. They are among the smallest RGCs in the mouse retina. The other pair, F-midi(ON) and F-midi(OFF), is larger and not direction selective. Together, F-RGCs comprise >20% of RGCs in the mouse retina, halving the number that remain to be classified and doubling the number of known direction-selective cells. Co-expression of Foxp and Brn3 genes also marks subsets of RGCs in macaques that could be primate homologs of F-RGCs.

Indexed as

AnimalsAnisotropyAxonsBrainCell CountCell ShapeCell SizeForkhead Transcription FactorsMacacaMiceRepressor ProteinsRetinal Ganglion CellsTranscription FactorsVisual PathwaysForkhead Transcription FactorsFoxp2 protein, mouseRepressor ProteinsTranscription Factors

Identifiers

PMID27210758
PMCPMC4889540

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.