ArticleAmerican journal of ophthalmology2016
Consensus on the Diagnosis and Management of Nonparaneoplastic Autoimmune Retinopathy Using a Modified Delphi Approach.
Article in American journal of ophthalmology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 123 citations in OpenAlex.
- Presenting signs and patient co-variables in Gaucher disease: outcome of the Gaucher Earlier Diagnosis Consensus (GED-C) Delphi initiative.Internal medicine journal · 2019Guideline
- Correlation between Antiretinal Antibodies and OCT Manifestations in Nonparaneoplastic Autoimmune Retinopathy.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Persistent diffuse photoreceptor disorganization: further evidence with potential associations, long-term clinical course and therapeutic responsiveness of a new clinical entity.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- A rare case of multisystem autoimmune disease presenting with retinopathy and alopecia post COVID-19 vaccination.Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection · 2026Article
- 10-year experience in the use of Intravenous Immunoglobulin for Autoimmune Retinopathy.Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
- Case report: When Behçet's disease meets multizonal outer retinopathy and retinal pigment epitheliopathy: longitudinal multimodal imaging of an overlap phenotype.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Autoimmune retinopathy in patients with myasthenia gravis: cases series and literature review.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune retinopathy: review of current approaches.International ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Clearing the AIR: AAmerican journal of ophthalmology case reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Definition and Diagnostic Criteria for Pediatric Blepharokeratoconjunctivitis.JAMA ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as rescue therapy for refractory autoimmune retinopathy: a case report.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Structural and Functional Changes in Non-Paraneoplastic Autoimmune Retinopathy.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Serum antiretinal antibodies and cytokine profiling in autoimmune retinopathy and their association with clinical outcomes.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2023Article
- Management of autoimmune retinopathy treated with intravitreal dexamethasone implant.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2023Article
- Limited Clinical Value of Anti-Retinal Antibody Titers and Numbers in Autoimmune Retinopathy.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Article
- The double-edged sword of inflammation in inherited retinal degenerations: Clinical and preclinical evidence for mechanistically and prognostically impactful but treatable complications.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Article
- Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant in Autoimmune Retinopathy.Case reports in ophthalmological medicine · 2023Article
- Proteomic analysis of autoimmune retinopathy implicates NrCAM as a potential biomarker.Ophthalmology science · 2022Article
- Autoimmune Retinopathy, Testing, and Its Controversies.Current ophthalmology reports · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 14 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo develop diagnostic criteria for nonparaneoplastic autoimmune retinopathy (AIR) through expert panel consensus and to examine treatment patterns among clinical experts.
designModified Delphi process.
methodsA survey of uveitis specialists in the American Uveitis Society, a face-to-face meeting (AIR Workshop) held at the National Eye Institute, and 2 iterations of expert panel surveys were used in a modified Delphi process. The expert panel consisted of 17 experts, including uveitis specialists and researchers with expertise in antiretinal antibody detection. Supermajority consensus was used and defined as 75% of experts in agreement.
resultsThere was unanimous agreement among experts regarding the categorization of autoimmune retinopathies as nonparaneoplastic and paraneoplastic, including cancer-associated retinopathy and melanoma-associated retinopathy. Diagnostic criteria and tests essential to the diagnosis of nonparaneoplastic AIR and multiple supportive criteria reached consensus. For treatment, experts agreed that corticosteroids and conventional immunosuppressives should be used (prescribed) as first- or second-line treatments, though a consensus agreed that biologics and intravenous immunoglobulin were considered appropriate in the treatment of nonparaneoplastic AIR patients regardless of the stage of disease. Experts agreed that more evidence is needed to treat nonparaneoplastic AIR patients with long-term immunomodulatory therapy and that there is enough equipoise to justify randomized, placebo-controlled trials to determine if nonparaneoplastic AIR patients should be treated with long-term immunomodulatory therapy. Regarding antiretinal antibody detection, consensus agreed that a standardized assay system is needed to detect serum antiretinal antibodies. Consensus agreed that an ideal assay should have a 2-tier design and that Western blot and immunohistochemistry should be the methods used to identify antiretinal antibodies.
conclusionsConsensus was achieved using a modified Delphi process to develop diagnostic criteria for nonparaneoplastic AIR. There is enough equipoise to justify randomized, placebo-controlled trials to determine whether patients with nonparaneoplastic AIR should be treated with long-term immunomodulatory therapy. Efforts to develop a standardized 2-tier assay system for the detection of antiretinal antibodies have been initiated as a result of this study.
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