ArticleCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2016
CTLA-4 in mesothelioma patients: tissue expression, body fluid levels and possible relevance as a prognostic factor.
Article in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- The prognostic value of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 in cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2017Pooled it
- Rationale of using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and anti-angiogenic agents in cancer treatment from a molecular perspective.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- CTLA-4-two pathways to anti-tumour immunity?Immunotherapy advances · 2025Review
- Soluble Tim-3 serves as a tumor prognostic marker and therapeutic target for CD8Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Article
- Characterizing soluble immune checkpoint molecules and TGF-βScientific reports · 2024Observational
- Soluble CTLA-4 attenuates T cell activation and modulates anti-tumor immunity.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2024Article
- Autoimmunity and Carcinogenesis: Their Relationship under the Umbrella of Autophagy.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- CTLA-4 and its inhibitors in esophageal cancer: efficacy of therapy and potential mechanisms of adverse events.American journal of cancer research · 2023Review
- Soluble form of CTLA-4 is a good predictor for tumor recurrence after radiofrequency ablation in hepatocellular carcinoma patients.Cancer medicine · 2022Article
- Semi-automated validation and quantification of CTLA-4 in 90 different tumor entities using multiple antibodies and artificial intelligence.Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology · 2022Article
- Natural killer cells and immune-checkpoint inhibitor therapy: Current knowledge and new challenges.Molecular therapy oncolytics · 2022Review
- Autoimmunity and Cancer-Two Sides of the Same Coin.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Review
- [Research Progress of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma].Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer · 2021Review
- Review
- Soluble cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (sCTLA-4) as a potential biomarker for diagnosis and evaluation of the prognosis in Glioma.BMC immunology · 2021Article
- The Clinical Value of VDR and CTLA 4 in Evaluating the Prognosis of Invasive Duct Carcinoma of Egyptian Patients and their Benefit as a Target Therapy.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2021Article
- Characterization of soluble PD-L1 in pleural effusions of mesothelioma patients: potential implications in the immune response and prognosis.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2021Article
- The role and relationship between programmed death ligand 1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 immunohistochemical expression in colorectal carcinoma patients: an impact on outcome.Ecancermedicalscience · 2021Article
- Soluble B7-CD28 Family Inhibitory Immune Checkpoint Proteins and Anti-Cancer Immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
22 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
CTLA-4 function as a negative regulator of T cell-mediated immune response is well established, whereas much less is known about the immunoregulatory role of its soluble isoform (sCTLA-4). No data are available on CTLA-4 expression and prognostic impact in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). We investigated, by immunohistochemistry, CTLA-4 expression in tumor tissues and, by ELISA, sCTLA-4 levels in sera and matched pleural effusions from 45 MPM patients. Prognostic effect of CTLA-4 expression on overall survival (OS) was assessed through Cox regression and prognostic significance expressed as death rate ratio (HR). We found that 56.0 % of MPM tissues expressed CTLA-4 with variable intensity and percentage of positive cells estimated by the immunoreactive score. sCTLA-4 levels were significantly higher in sera (S-sCTLA-4) than in pleural effusions (PE-sCTLA-4) (geometric mean ratio = 2.70, P value = 0.020). CTLA-4 expression at the tissue level was higher in the epithelioid histological subtype than in the sarcomatoid, whereas at the serum level, it was higher in the sarcomatoid subtype. A homogeneous favorable prognostic effect was found for CTLA-4 overexpression in tissue, serum and pleural effusion. Interestingly, only the PE-sCTLA-4 was found to be a statistically significant positive prognostic factor (HR = 0.37, 95 % CI = 0.18-0.77, P value = 0.007). Indeed, PE-sCTLA-4 correlated with CTLA-4 expression in tissues, whereas this latter expression showed a weak association with OS. To confirm our findings, further experimental evidences obtained from a larger cohort of MPM patients are required. However, our results would indicate a positive correlation of PE-sCTLA-4 levels and OS in MPM patients.
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