ArticleInternational journal of bipolar disorders2016
Toxoplasma gondii exposure may modulate the influence of TLR2 genetic variation on bipolar disorder: a gene-environment interaction study.
Article in International journal of bipolar disorders, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review on the Relationship between Toxoplasmosis and Mental Disorders.Actas espanolas de psiquiatria · 2024Pooled it
- COVID-19 and first manic episodes: a systematic review.Psychiatry research · 2022Pooled it
- Interactions Between Variation in Candidate Genes and Environmental Factors in the Etiology of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: a Systematic Review.Molecular neurobiology · 2018Pooled it
- The Toll-Like Receptor Signalling Pathway Is Altered in iPSC-Derived Cortical Networks From People With Bipolar Disorder.Bipolar disorders · 2026Article
- Toxoplasma gondii, suicidal behaviour and suicide risk factors in US Veterans enrolled in mental health treatment.Folia parasitologica · 2025Article
- Heterogeneity analysis provides evidence for a genetically homogeneous subtype of bipolar-disorder.PloS one · 2025Article
- Heterogeneity analysis provides evidence for a genetically homogeneous subtype of bipolar-disorder.ArXiv · 2024Article
- Back to the Future: The Role of Infections in Psychopathology. Focus on OCD.Clinical neuropsychiatry · 2022Article
- Women and ethnoracial minorities with poor cardiovascular health measures associated with a higher risk of developing mood disorder.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2021Article
- Genetic contributions to bipolar disorder: current status and future directions.Psychological medicine · 2021Review
- Environmental Risk Factors for Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder and Their Relationship to Genetic Risk: Current Knowledge and Future Directions.Frontiers in genetics · 2021Review
- Review
- Neurological and Neurobehavioral Disorders Associated withJournal of parasitology research · 2021Review
- Gene-Environment Interactions in Psychiatry: Recent Evidence and Clinical Implications.Current psychiatry reports · 2019Review
- A Case-Control Seroprevalence Study on the Association BetweenFrontiers in psychiatry · 2019Article
- Epidemiology and risk factors for bipolar disorder.Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology · 2018Review
- Infectious and immunogenetic factors in bipolar disorder.Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica · 2017Review
- Is Toxoplasma gondii a Trigger of Bipolar Disorder?Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2017Review
- Positive association betweenPteridines · 2017Article
- The role of DNA methylation in the pathophysiology and treatment of bipolar disorder.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGenetic vulnerability to environmental stressors is yet to be clarified in bipolar disorder (BD), a complex multisystem disorder in which immune dysfunction and infectious insults seem to play a major role in the pathophysiology. Association between pattern-recognition receptor coding genes and BD had been previously reported. However, potential interactions with history of pathogen exposure are yet to be explored.
methods138 BD patients and 167 healthy controls were tested for serostatus of Toxoplasma gondii, CMV, HSV-1 and HSV-2 and genotyped for TLR2 (rs4696480 and rs3804099), TLR4 (rs1927914 and rs11536891) and NOD2 (rs2066842) polymorphisms (SNPs). Both the pathogen-specific seroprevalence and the TLR/NOD2 genetic profiles were compared between patients and controls followed by modelling of interactions between these genes and environmental infectious factors in a regression analysis.
resultsFirst, here again we observed an association between BD and Toxoplasma gondii (p = 0.045; OR = 1.77; 95 % CI 1.01-3.10) extending the previously published data on a cohort of a relatively small number of patients (also included in the present sample). Second, we found a trend for an interaction between the TLR2 rs3804099 SNP and Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity in conferring BD risk (p = 0.017, uncorrected).
conclusionsPathogen exposure may modulate the influence of the immunogenetic background on BD. A much larger sample size and information on period of pathogen exposure are needed in future gene-environment interaction studies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.