ArticleDiabetes2016
Human Type 1 Diabetes Is Characterized by an Early, Marked, Sustained, and Islet-Selective Loss of Sympathetic Nerves.
Article in Diabetes, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers.
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Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early loss and progressive deterioration of glucagon responses to hypoglycemia in children with type 1 diabetes.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2026Article
- Mapping histologic and functional maturation of human endocrine pancreas across early postnatal periods.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Activated Human Pancreatic Stellate Cells SignatureCommunication in Type 1 Diabetes.Research square · 2026Article
- CARD9 Conveys Pancreatic Islet Sympathetic Nervous β2 Signals to Reshape Macrophage Creatine Metabolism in Type 1 Diabetes.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- The role of chromogranin A cleavage products in onset of type 1 and 2 diabetes.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2026Review
- The stem cell within the vessel wall: multipotent pericytes modulating β-cell function and diabetic complications.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Review
- High-resolution imaging atlas reveals the context-dependent role of pancreatic sympathetic innervation in diabetic mice.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2025Article
- Neuroimmune Interactions in Pancreatic Cancer.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Pathological evaluation of the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and diabetic peripheral neuropathy.Pathology international · 2024Review
- Cutaneous Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II-γ-Positive Sympathetic Nerves Secreting Norepinephrine Dictate Psoriasis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Neuroimmune regulation in the pancreas.Fundamental research · 2024Review
- The Sympathetic-Immune Milieu in Metabolic Health and Diseases: Insights from Pancreas, Liver, Intestine, and Adipose Tissues.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Review
- Non-invasive imaging of sympathetic innervation of the pancreas in individuals with type 2 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2024Article
- The pathogenic "symphony" in type 1 diabetes: A disorder of the immune system, β cells, and exocrine pancreas.Cell metabolism · 2023Review
- Neural innervation in adipose tissue, gut, pancreas, and liver.Life metabolism · 2023Review
- Human pancreatic capillaries and nerve fibers persist in type 1 diabetes despite beta cell loss.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Article
- Revisiting the Pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes: Importance of Neural Input to Pancreatic Islets and the Therapeutic Capability of Stem Cell EducatorBiomedicines · 2023Review
- The sympathetic nervous system in the 21st century: Neuroimmune interactions in metabolic homeostasis and obesity.Neuron · 2022Review
- Pericyte Control of Blood Flow in Intraocular Islet Grafts Impacts Glucose Homeostasis in Mice.Diabetes · 2022Article
- Going With the Flow: Pericyte-Regulated Islet Blood Flow Influences Glucose Homeostasis.Diabetes · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In humans, the glucagon response to moderate-to-marked insulin-induced hypoglycemia (IIH) is largely mediated by the autonomic nervous system. Because this glucagon response is impaired early in type 1 diabetes, we sought to determine if these patients, like animal models of autoimmune diabetes, have an early and severe loss of islet sympathetic nerves. We also tested whether this nerve loss is a permanent feature of type 1 diabetes, is islet-selective, and is not seen in type 2 diabetes. To do so, we quantified pancreatic islet and exocrine sympathetic nerve fiber area from autopsy samples of patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes and control subjects without diabetes. Our central finding is that patients with either very recent onset (<2 weeks) or long duration (>10 years) of type 1 diabetes have a severe loss of islet sympathetic nerves (Δ = -88% and Δ = -79%, respectively). In contrast, patients with type 2 diabetes lose no islet sympathetic nerves. There is no loss of exocrine sympathetic nerves in either type 1 or type 2 diabetes. We conclude that patients with type 1, but not type 2, diabetes have an early, marked, sustained, and islet-selective loss of sympathetic nerves, one that may impair their glucagon response to IIH.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.