SynthesisThe international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity2016
Exploring equity in primary-care-based physical activity interventions using PROGRESS-Plus: a systematic review and evidence synthesis.
Synthesis in The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Equity and inclusion in UK adult social care: a systematic review of trials.BMC health services research · 2026Pooled it
- Interventions to reduce empathy-based stress and enhance compassionate care in mental health wards: a systematic review.BMC health services research · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Consideration of inequalities in effectiveness trials of mHealth applications - a systematic assessment of studies from an umbrella review.International journal for equity in health · 2024Pooled it
- Exercise-based interventions targeting balance and falls in people with COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2024Pooled it
- The impact of smartphone app-based interventions on adolescents' dietary intake: a systematic review and evaluation of equity factor reporting in intervention studies.Nutrition reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Recruitment and characteristics of participants in trials of physical activity for adults aged 45 years and above in general practice: a systematic review.Family practice · 2023Pooled it
- A systematic review of inequalities in the uptake of, adherence to, and effectiveness of behavioral weight management interventions in adults.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2022Pooled it
- Tools for assessing the scalability of innovations in health: a systematic review.Health research policy and systems · 2022Pooled it
- Impact of universal interventions on social inequalities in physical activity among older adults: an equity-focused systematic review.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2017Pooled it
- Pharmacist involvement in overweight and obesity care: An equity-focused systematic review.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2026Article
- Improving behavioural interventions in healthcare to address the needs of disadvantaged groups: A policy-focused evidence brief.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- How to (or how not to)…Enhance equity in the conduct of global health research: dimensions and directions for organizations.Health policy and planning · 2025Article
- Characteristics of Combined Movement Behavior Interventions in Children and Adolescents: A Scoping Review.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025Article
- EQUALSS GUIDE Multiple: A novel framework for equity-focused evidence synthesis.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Incorporating healthcare access and equity in economic evaluations: a scoping review of guidelines.International journal of technology assessment in health care · 2024Article
- Article
- Taking Practical Steps: A Feminist Participatory Approach to Cocreating a Trauma- and Violence-Informed Physical Activity Program for Women.Violence against women · 2024Article
- Differential uptake and effects of digital sexually transmitted and bloodborne infection testing interventions among equity-seeking groups: a scoping review.Sexually transmitted infections · 2023Article
- Equity impacts of cycling investment in England: A natural experimental study using longitudinally linked individual-level Census data.SSM - population health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLittle is known about equity effects in primary care based physical activity interventions. This review explored whether differences in intervention effects are evident across indicators of social disadvantage, specified under the acronym PROGRESS-Plus (place of residence, race/ethnicity, occupation, gender, religion, education, social capital, socioeconomic status, plus age, disability and sexual orientation).
methodsSix bibliographic databases were systematically searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of physical activity interventions conducted in primary care. Harvest plots were used to synthesize findings from RCTs reporting subgroup or interaction analyses examining differences in intervention effects across levels of at least one PROGRESS-Plus factor.
resultsThe search yielded 9052 articles, from which 173 eligible RCTs were identified. Despite PROGRESS-Plus factors being commonly measured (N = 171 RCTs), differential effect analyses were infrequently reported (N = 24 RCTs). Where reported, results of equity analyses suggest no differences in effect across levels or categories of place of residence (N = 1RCT), race (N = 4 RCTs), education (N = 3 RCTs), socioeconomic status (N = 3 RCTs), age (N = 16 RCTs) or disability (N = 2 RCTs). Mixed findings were observed for gender (N = 22 RCTs), with some interventions showing greater effect in men than women and others vice versa. Three RCTs examined indicators of social capital, with larger post-intervention differences in physical activity levels between trial arms found in those with higher baseline social support for exercise in one trial only. No RCTs examined differential effects by participant occupation, religion or sexual orientation.
conclusionThe majority of RCTs of physical activity interventions in primary care record sufficient information on PROGRESS-Plus factors to allow differential effects to be studied. However, very few actually report details of relevant analyses to determine which population subgroups may stand to benefit or be further disadvantaged by intervention efforts.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.