Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27206732›Full record

ReviewBMC neurology2016

Compound heterozygous variants in PGAP1 causing severe psychomotor retardation, brain atrophy, recurrent apneas and delayed myelination: a case report and literature review.

Matthias Kettwig, Orly Elpeleg, Eike Wegener, Steffi Dreha-Kulaczewski, Marco Henneke, Jutta Gärtner, Peter Huppke

Open access · goldAbstract readCase ReportsReview
In one paragraph

Review in BMC neurology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
2.1field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  4. Recurrent status epilepticus and severe bifrontal hypometabolism in PGAP1-related neurodevelopmental disorder.Epileptic disorders : international epilepsy journal with videotape · 2025
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  5. Review
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  14. Clinical Application of Genome and Exome Sequencing as a Diagnostic Tool for Pediatric Patients: a Scoping Review of the Literature.Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics · 2019
    Article
  15. Article
  16. The Journal of cell biology · 2018
    Article
  17. What is new in CDG?Journal of inherited metabolic disease · 2017
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Matthias KettwigDepartment of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center, Georg August University, 37075, Göttingen, Germany. matthias.kettwig@med.uni-goettingen.de.
Orly ElpelegMonique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic Research, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
Eike WegenerDepartment of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center, Georg August University, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
Steffi Dreha-KulaczewskiDepartment of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center, Georg August University, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
Marco HennekeDepartment of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center, Georg August University, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
Jutta GärtnerDepartment of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center, Georg August University, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
Peter HuppkeDepartment of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center, Georg August University, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
University of Göttingen · DEHadassah Medical Center · IL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMutations in proteins involved in the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor biosynthesis and remodeling pathway are associated with autosomal recessive forms of intellectual disability. Recently mutations in the PGAP1 gene that codes for PGAP1, a protein localized in the endoplasmic reticulum responsible for the first step of the remodeling of glycosylphosphatidylinositol was linked to a disorder characterized by psychomotor retardation and facial dysmorphism. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed in siblings with severely delayed myelination and psychomotor retardation. Mutations in PGAP1 were confirmed by Sanger sequencing and RNA analysis. A literature search was performed to describe the emerging phenotype of PGAP1 related disease. CASE PRESENTATION: WES resulted in the detection of two novel compound heterozygous mutations in PGAP1, one base pair insertion leading to a frame shift c.334_335InsA (p.A112fs) and a splice site mutation leading to exon skipping c.G1173C (p.L391L). A symptom not described in PGAP1 related disorder before but prominent in the siblings were recurrent apnea especially during sleep that persisted at least until age 2 years. Sequential cerebral MRI at age one and two year(s) respectively revealed frontal accentuated brain atrophy and significantly delayed myelination.

conclusionWe report siblings with two novel mutations in PGAP1. Other that the common symptoms related to PGAP1 mutations including non-progressive psychomotor retardation, neonatal feeding problems, microcephaly and brain atrophy these patients displayed severely delayed myelination and recurrent apneas thereby widing the clinical spectrum associated with such mutations.

Indexed as

ApneaAtrophyBrainBrain DiseasesChild, PreschoolDevelopmental DisabilitiesHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMembrane ProteinsMutationMyelin SheathNeuroimagingPhosphoric Monoester HydrolasesTwins, DizygoticMembrane ProteinsPGAP1 protein, humanPhosphoric Monoester HydrolasesCase reportDevelopmental DisabilitiesLeukoencephalopathiesNeonatal seizuresPGAP1 mutationsWhole exome sequencing

Identifiers

PMID27206732
PMCPMC4875637
OpenAlexW2399755784

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.