ArticleOncotarget2016
Inhibitors of Rho kinase (ROCK) signaling revert the malignant phenotype of breast cancer cells in 3D context.
Article in Oncotarget, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK)-Hippo/YAP transduction signaling mediates the stimulatory effects exerted by S100A8/A9-RAGE system in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2022Pooled it
- Pan-cancer analysis reveals Rho kinase addiction as a vulnerability of de-differentiated cancer cells.iScience · 2026Article
- Review
- Opposing effects of Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase 1 (ROCK1) and ROCK2 in TGF-β-SMAD signaling.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- The Novel ROCK Inhibitor Fasudil Derivative Fasudil-D-6h Prevents Tumour Progression by Regulating the Adherens Junction Signalling Pathway in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2026Article
- Lactic acid metabolism: gynecological cancer's Achilles' heel.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Research progress of ECT2 and RhoA-related signaling pathways in gynecological tumors.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Synthesis, Docking, and Machine Learning Studies of Some Novel Quinolinesulfonamides-Triazole Hybrids with Anticancer Activity.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Unlocking the Potential of Extracellular Vesicles as the Next Generation Therapy: Challenges and Opportunities.Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2024Review
- The PI3K/Akt Pathway and Glucose Metabolism: A Dangerous Liaison in Cancer.International journal of biological sciences · 2024Review
- Mechanobiology of cancer cell responsiveness to chemotherapy and immunotherapy: Mechanistic insights and biomaterial platforms.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2023Review
- Schisandrin B inhibits tumor progression of hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting the RhoA/ROCK1 pathway.Journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2023Article
- Deleted in liver cancer 1 suppresses the growth of prostate cancer cells through inhibiting Rho-associated protein kinase pathway.Asian journal of urology · 2023Article
- Designing Organoid Models to Monitor Cancer Progression, Plasticity and Resistance: The Right Set Up for the Right Question.Cancers · 2022Article
- Cancer-associated fibroblasts as cellular vehicles in endometrial cancer cell migration.Oncology letters · 2022Article
- OncogenicScience advances · 2021Article
- Morphodynamics facilitate cancer cells to navigate 3D extracellular matrix.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Targeting the cytoskeleton against metastatic dissemination.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2021Review
- MOSTWAS: Multi-Omic Strategies for Transcriptome-Wide Association Studies.PLoS genetics · 2021Article
- The Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Rho-kinase Inhibitory Activity of 4-aryl-thiazole-2-amines.Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research : IJPR · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Loss of polarity and quiescence along with increased cellular invasiveness are associated with breast tumor progression. ROCK plays a central role in actin-cytoskeletal rearrangement. We used physiologically relevant 3D cultures of nonmalignant and cancer cells in gels made of laminin-rich extracellular matrix, to investigate ROCK function. Whereas expression levels of ROCK1 and ROCK2 were elevated in cancer cells compared to nonmalignant cells, this was not observed in 2D cultures. Malignant cells showed increased phosphorylation of MLC, corresponding to disorganized F-actin. Inhibition of ROCK signaling restored polarity, decreased disorganization of F-actin, and led to reduction of proliferation. Inhibition of ROCK also decreased EGFR and Integrinβ1 levels, and consequently suppressed activation of Akt, MAPK and FAK as well as GLUT3 and LDHA levels. Again, ROCK inhibition did not inhibit these molecules in 2D. A triple negative breast cancer cell line, which lacks E-cadherin, had high levels of ROCK but was less sensitive to ROCK inhibitors. Exogenous overexpression of E-cadherin, however, rendered these cells strikingly sensitive to ROCK inhibition. Our results add to the growing literature that demonstrate the importance of context and tissue architecture in determining not only regulation of normal and malignant phenotypes but also drug response.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.