ArticleFrontiers in immunology2016
The Potential of HLA-G-Bearing Extracellular Vesicles as a Future Element in HLA-G Immune Biology.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.
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Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Follicular Helper T Cell Derived Exosomes Promote B Cell Proliferation and Differentiation in Antibody-Mediated Rejection after Renal Transplantation.BioMed research international · 2019Trial
- Trophoblast Extracellular Vesicles Rewire Immunity: A Symptom-Relief Avenue for Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Flow Cytometric Detection of Biomarker Changes in CFDA-SE-Labelled Plasma Extracellular Vesicles Using a Rodent Pregnancy Model of Prenatal Diagnostics.Journal of extracellular biology · 2026Article
- Macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles in the remodeling of the prostate cancer immune microenvironment and therapeutic resistance.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Blood and Saliva Composition in Cancer: Similarities or Differences?Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- The non-classical immune checkpoint HLA-G: a regulatory master switch governing tolerance, evasion, and translational frontiers.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Therapeutic Potential of Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Skin Wound Healing.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- HLA-G expression in peritumoral fundic gland mucous neck cells, but not in tumor lesions, related to poor survival in patients with gastric cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Genetic variants of the HLA-G/LILRB1 ligand-receptor axis in donors or recipients are prognostic covariates for rejection after living kidney transplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Immune Checkpoints in B Cells: Unlocking New Potentials in Cancer Treatment.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Review
- The 'communicatome' of pregnancy: spotlight on cellular and extravesicular chimerism.EMBO molecular medicine · 2024Review
- A Metabolic Axis of Immune Intractability.Cancer immunology research · 2024Article
- Mesenchymal stromal cell derived extracellular vesicles as a therapeutic tool: immune regulation, MSC priming, and applications to SLE.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- HLA-G and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The role of immune checkpoints in antitumor response: a potential antitumor immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Human Fetal Cartilage-Derived Progenitor Cells Exhibit Anti-Inflammatory Effect on IL-1β-Mediated Osteoarthritis Phenotypes In Vitro.Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2022Article
- Induction of pulmonary HLA-G expression by SARS-CoV-2 infection.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2022Article
- Extracellular vesicles and immune response during pregnancy: A balancing act.Immunological reviews · 2022Review
- HLA-G and Other Immune Checkpoint Molecules as Targets for Novel Combined Immunotherapies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Biological Characteristics of HLA-G and Its Role in Solid Organ Transplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The HLA-G molecule is a member of the non-classical HLA class I family. Its surface expression is physiologically restricted to the maternal-fetal interface and to immune privileged adult tissues. Despite the restricted tissue expression, HLA-G is detectable in body fluids as secreted soluble molecules. A unique feature of HLA-G is the structural diversity as surface expressed and as secreted molecules. Secreted HLA-G can be found in various body fluids either as free soluble HLA-G or as part of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are composed of various antigens/ligands/receptors, bioactive lipids, cytokines, growth factors, and genetic information, such as mRNA and microRNA. Functionally, HLA-G and its secreted forms are considered to play a crucial role in the network of immune-regulatory tolerance mechanisms, preferentially interacting with the cognate inhibitory receptors LILRB1 and LILRB2. The HLA-G mediated tolerance is described in processes of pregnancy, inflammation, and cancer. However, almost all functional and clinical implications of HLA-G in vivo and in vitro have been established based on simple single ligand/receptor interactions at the cell surface, whereas HLA-G-bearing EVs were in minor research focus. Indeed, cytotrophoblast cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and cancer cells were recently described to secrete HLA-G-bearing EVs, displaying immunosuppressive effects and modulating the tumor microenvironment. However, numerous functional and clinical open questions persist. Here, we (i) introduce basic aspects of EVs biology, (ii) summarize the functional knowledge, clinical implications and open questions of HLA-G-bearing EVs, and (iii) discuss HLA-G-bearing EVs as a future element in HLA-G biology.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.