ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2016
The Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) Index and Neurocognitive Change: A Longitudinal Study.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Associations Between Depressive Symptoms and Memory Functions in Persons with HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Neuropsychology review · 2026Pooled it
- CMV IgG and EBV Cell-Associated DNA Independently Associate With Veterans Aging Cohort Study Index 2.0 Scores in People With HIV on ART.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Depression Improves the Predictive Accuracy of the VACS Index 2.0 for All-Cause Mortality Among Sexual Minority Men Living With HIV in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2025Article
- Brief Report: Preadmission VACS Index as a Predictor of Hospital Acute Kidney Injury in People With HIV.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2025Observational
- Disparities in Metabolic Syndrome and Neurocognitive Function Among Older Hispanics/Latinos with Human Immunodeficiency Virus.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2024Article
- Biopsychosocial phenotypes in people with HIV in the CHARTER cohort.Brain communications · 2024Article
- Combining Charlson comorbidity and VACS indices improves prognostic accuracy for all-cause mortality for patients with and without HIV in the Veterans Health Administration.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Discrimination and Calibration of the Veterans Aging Cohort Study Index 2.0 for Predicting Mortality Among People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in North America.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Article
- The association between benzodiazepine use and greater risk of neurocognitive impairment is moderated by medical burden in people with HIV.Journal of neurovirology · 2022Article
- Association of the VACS Index With Hospitalization Among People With HIV in the NA-ACCORD.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2022Article
- Neurocognitive impairment in Spanish-speaking Latinos living with HIV in the US: Application of the neuropsychological norms for the US-Mexico border region in Spanish (NP-NUMBRS).The Clinical neuropsychologist · 2021Article
- Machine learning prediction of neurocognitive impairment among people with HIV using clinical and multimodal magnetic resonance imaging data.Journal of neurovirology · 2021Article
- New Potential Axes of HIV Neuropathogenesis with Relevance to Biomarkers and Treatment.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2021Article
- Reliably Measuring Cognitive Change in the Era of Chronic HIV Infection and Chronic HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2021Review
- Lifetime alcohol use among persons living with HIV is associated with frailty.AIDS (London, England) · 2020Article
- Considerations on nosology for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders: it is time to update?Infection · 2020Review
- Associations Between Plasma Immunomodulatory and Inflammatory Mediators With VACS Index Scores Among Older HIV-Infected Adults on Antiretroviral Therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Opioid use trajectory groups and changes in a physical health biomarker among HIV-positive and uninfected patients receiving opioid agonist treatment.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2019Article
- Geriatric Syndromes in Older Adults Living with HIV and Cognitive Impairment.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2019Article
- Effects of comorbidity burden and age on brain integrity in HIV.AIDS (London, England) · 2019Observational
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11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) Index, a composite marker of disease severity among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons, has been associated with concurrent risk for neurocognitive impairment (NCI). The present study examined whether the VACS Index predicts longitudinal neurocognitive change.
methodsParticipants included 655 HIV-infected persons followed for up to 6 years in cohort studies at the University of California, San Diego, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program (mean age at baseline, 42.5 years; 83% male; 60% white; AIDS in 67%; median current CD4(+) T-cell count, 346/μL; 61% receiving antiretroviral therapy). The VACS Index was calculated through standard methods. Participants completed a comprehensive neurocognitive battery. Neurocognitive status was plotted over time using demographically and practice-adjusted global and domain T scores. NCI was defined by global deficit scores derived from T scores.
resultsBaseline VACS Index scores were not predictive of changes in global T scores during the follow-up period (P = .14). However, in time-dependent analyses adjusting for covariates, higher VACS Index scores were significantly associated with worse global and domain neurocognitive performance (Ps < .01), as well as increased risk for developing NCI in a subgroup of persons who were neurocognitively normal at baseline (hazard ratio [HR], 1.17; P < .001). We categorized VACS Index scores by quartiles and found that the upper-quartile group was significantly more likely to develop NCI than the lower quartile (HR, 2.16; P < .01) and middle groups (HR, 1.76; P < .01).
conclusionsChanges in VACS Index scores correspond to changes in neurocognitive function. HIV-infected persons with high VACS Index scores are at increased risk for decline and incident NCI. The VACS Index shows promise as a tool for identifying HIV-infected persons at risk for NCI.
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