ArticleBMC biology2016
What is memory? The present state of the engram.
Article in BMC biology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 158 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
158 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Association Between Irisin Level and Cognitive Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Brain and behavior · 2025Pooled it
- Exposure to broadband noise during non-REM sleep impairs hippocampal sharp-wave ripples and memory consolidation.Current biology : CB · 2026Article
- Molecular architects of memory: BDNF/TrkB signaling and trafficking in neuronal plasticity and memory.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Dentate gyrus and CA3 activity mediates light-tone second-order conditioning expression in mice.iScience · 2026Article
- Dentate Gyrus Engrams in Fear and Reward: Mechanistic Principles, Critical Gaps, and Paths to Translation.Journal of neurochemistry · 2026Review
- Investigation of synaptic connectivity in functional in vitro neuronal assemblies.Cell reports methods · 2026Article
- Respiration-coordinated attentional switch from feedforward to top-down informational flow directed by the basal forebrain: layer-specific blanket inhibition of pyramidal cells by neurogliaform cells in the piriform cortex.Frontiers in neural circuits · 2026Review
- Experience-dependent critical period for synaptic plasticity in the rat olfactory amygdala.Frontiers in synaptic neuroscience · 2026Review
- Review
- Polarized ATP synthase in synaptic mitochondria induced by learning and plasticity signals.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Default mode network connectivity predicts individual differences in long-term forgetting: Evidence for storage degradation, not retrieval failure.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Dynamic mapping of network-level LTP in the hippocampus via high-resolution bioelectrical sensing.APL bioengineering · 2025Article
- The critical dimension of memory engrams and an optimal number of senses.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- DNA Methylation in Long-Term Memory.Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) · 2025Review
- Reconceptualized Associative Learning.Perspectives on behavior science · 2025Review
- Behavioral resilience via dynamic circuit firing homeostasis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Netrin-1 signaling pathway mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases.Neural regeneration research · 2025Article
- Molecular switch of the dendrite-to-spine transport of TDP-43/FMRP-bound neuronal mRNAs and its impairment in ASD.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2025Article
- What are memories made of? A survey of neuroscientists on the structural basis of long-term memory.PloS one · 2025Article
- Distinct spatial distribution of potentiated dendritic spines in encoding- and recall-activated hippocampal neurons.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2025Article
98 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The mechanism of memory remains one of the great unsolved problems of biology. Grappling with the question more than a hundred years ago, the German zoologist Richard Semon formulated the concept of the engram, lasting connections in the brain that result from simultaneous "excitations", whose precise physical nature and consequences were out of reach of the biology of his day. Neuroscientists now have the knowledge and tools to tackle this question, however, and this Forum brings together leading contemporary views on the mechanisms of memory and what the engram means today.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.