ArticleMolecular cancer therapeutics2016
Emodin Inhibits Breast Cancer Growth by Blocking the Tumor-Promoting Feedforward Loop between Cancer Cells and Macrophages.
Article in Molecular cancer therapeutics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
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45 citing papers in PubMed, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- Anthraquinone-Loaded Liposomes for TAM Reprogramming in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Mechanistic Rationale, Delivery Logic, and Translational Challenges.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Targeting tumor-associated macrophages through phytochemicals: a promising strategy for cold tumor therapy.Chinese medicine · 2026Review
- Mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies of withaferin A in breast cancer.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2025Review
- Traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of breast Cancer.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Role of Macrophage Polarization in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Based on the Yin-Yang Theory: A Review.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
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- Natural Products and Altered Metabolism in Cancer: Therapeutic Targets and Mechanisms of Action.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Coadministration of doxorubicin with vitamin D3, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Lactobacillus casei in the 4T1 mouse model of breast cancer: anticancer and enteroprotective effects.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2024Article
- Review
- Advances in traditional Chinese herbal medicine and their pharmacodynamic mechanisms in cancer immunoregulation: a narrative review.Translational cancer research · 2024Review
- Biomimetic Iron-Based Nanoparticles Remodel Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment for Metabolic Immunotherapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024Article
- Therapeutic Potential of 1,8-Dihydroanthraquinone Derivatives for Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Review
- Targeting extracellular matrix through phytochemicals: a promising approach of multi-step actions on the treatment and prevention of cancer.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Emodin suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma growth by regulating macrophage polarization via microRNA-26a/transforming growth factor beta 1/protein kinase B.Bioengineered · 2022Article
- Emodin reduces tumor burden by diminishing M2-like macrophages in colorectal cancer.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2022Article
- The versatile emodin: A natural easily acquired anthraquinone possesses promising anticancer properties against a variety of cancers.International journal of biological sciences · 2022Review
- Tumor-associated macrophages in tumor progression and the role of traditional Chinese medicine in regulating TAMs to enhance antitumor effects.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Research advance of natural products in tumor immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Histone 3 Lysine 27 Trimethylation Signature in Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Macrophage infiltration correlates with severity in many types of cancer. Tumor cells recruit macrophages and educate them to adopt an M2-like phenotype through the secretion of chemokines and growth factors, such as MCP1 and CSF1. Macrophages in turn promote tumor growth through supporting angiogenesis, suppressing antitumor immunity, modulating extracellular matrix remodeling, and promoting tumor cell migration. Thus, tumor cells and macrophages interact to create a feedforward loop supporting tumor growth and metastasis. In this study, we tested the ability of emodin, a Chinese herb-derived compound, to inhibit breast cancer growth in mice and examined the underlying mechanisms. Emodin was used to treat mice bearing EO771 or 4T1 breast tumors. It was shown that emodin attenuated tumor growth by inhibiting macrophage infiltration and M2-like polarization, accompanied by increased T-cell activation and reduced angiogenesis in tumors. The tumor inhibitory effects of emodin were lost in tumor-bearing mice with macrophage depletion. Emodin inhibited IRF4, STAT6, and C/EBPβ signaling and increased inhibitory histone H3 lysine 27 tri-methylation (H3K27m3) on the promoters of M2-related genes in tumor-associated macrophages. In addition, emodin inhibited tumor cell secretion of MCP1 and CSF1, as well as expression of surface anchoring molecule Thy-1, thus suppressing macrophage migration toward and adhesion to tumor cells. These results suggest that emodin acts on both breast cancer cells and macrophages and effectively blocks the tumor-promoting feedforward loop between the two cell types, thereby inhibiting breast cancer growth and metastasis. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(8); 1931-42. ©2016 AACR.
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