ArticlePloS one2016
Coinfections of the Respiratory Tract: Viral Competition for Resources.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 118 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
118 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 223 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of Coinfection With SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza on Disease Severity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2021Pooled it
- Respiratory virus coinfections during the COVID-19 pandemic: epidemiologic analysis and clinical outcomes from the Phase 2/3 molnupiravir trial (MOVe-OUT).Microbiology spectrum · 2024Trial
- Double trouble: how co- and superinfections shape viral dynamics and host responses.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Clinical Manifestations and Immunological Impacts in Co-Infections and Sequential Infections of SARS-CoV-2 and Arboviruses.Current microbiology · 2026Review
- Innate airway responses shape permissiveness to human respiratory syncytial virus.Virus research · 2026Article
- Respiratory pathogen epidemiology in the post-pandemic era: a multicenter retrospective study from Saudi Arabia.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Article
- Respiratory Viral Co-Infections in SARS-CoV-2 Positive Patients in Burkina Faso: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Review
- Post-discharge mortality among SARS-CoV-2-infected adult patients with severe acute respiratory infection in Bangladesh (2020-2023): burden, clinical characteristics, and associated risk factors.Tropical medicine and health · 2026Article
- Underrated, Unvaccinated, Untreated: A Multinational Registry Analysis of Human Metapneumovirus in Hematological Malignancy, Insights From EPICOVIDEHA/EPIRESEHA Registry.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Interaction analysis of non-bacterial respiratory pathogens during and after the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in two cities along the eastern coast of China.Pediatric investigation · 2026Article
- Article
- Detection of respiratory pathogens in infants using targeted next-generation sequencing versus conventional methods in Qingdao.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Co-Detection of ADV, Influenza B, and HPIV: Independent Risk Factors for SMPP with Changes in NPIs.Viruses · 2025Article
- Neutral Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Coinfection on the Recombination-Driven Evolution of Endemic HCoV-OC43.Viruses · 2025Article
- Characterizing potential interaction between respiratory syncytial virus and seasonal influenza in the U.S.Epidemics · 2025Article
- Influenza A virus interferes with respiratory syncytial virus in mice and reconstituted human airway epithelium.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Population-level respiratory virus-virus interactions, Puerto Rico, 2013-2023.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2025Article
- Epidemiology and Mortality Risk of Severe Viral Pneumonia During the Pre-Pandemic, COVID-19 Pandemic and Post-Pandemic Era: A Retrospective Study of Hospitalized Children in ShenZhen, China Between 2017 and 2023.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2025Article
58 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Studies have shown that simultaneous infection of the respiratory tract with at least two viruses is common in hospitalized patients, although it is not clear whether these infections are more or less severe than single virus infections. We use a mathematical model to study the dynamics of viral coinfection of the respiratory tract in an effort to understand the kinetics of these infections. Specifically, we use our model to investigate coinfections of influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, parainfluenza virus, and human metapneumovirus. Our study shows that during coinfections, one virus can block another simply by being the first to infect the available host cells; there is no need for viral interference through immune response interactions. We use the model to calculate the duration of detectable coinfection and examine how it varies as initial viral dose and time of infection are varied. We find that rhinovirus, the fastest-growing virus, reduces replication of the remaining viruses during a coinfection, while parainfluenza virus, the slowest-growing virus is suppressed in the presence of other viruses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.