ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2016
Direct TLR-2 Costimulation Unmasks the Proinflammatory Potential of Neonatal CD4+ T Cells.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- From animal models to NAMs: a paradigm shift in developmental immunotoxicity testing.Archives of toxicology · 2026Review
- Production of Proinflammatory Cytokines by CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells in Response to Mycobacterial Antigens among Children and Adults with Tuberculosis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- PD-1/PD-L1 Control of Antigen-Specifically Activated CD4 T-Cells of Neonates.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Single cell transcriptomics reveals cell type specific features of developmentally regulated responses to lipopolysaccharide between birth and 5 years.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Immunization of preterm infants: current evidence and future strategies to individualized approaches.Seminars in immunopathology · 2022Review
- Impaired functionality of antigen presenting cells in HIV- exposed uninfected infants in the first six months of life.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Toll-Like Receptor Signaling and Its Role in Cell-Mediated Immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- The adaptive immune system in early life: The shift makes it count.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- T-cell intrinsic Toll-like receptor signaling: implications for cancer immunotherapy and CAR T-cells.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2021Review
- Understanding Antibody Responses in Early Life: Baby Steps towards Developing an Effective Influenza Vaccine.Viruses · 2021Review
- Blockade of T cell activation induced by the simultaneous absence of Nod1 and Nod2 is bypassed by TLR2 signals.Transplant immunology · 2021Article
- The early life education of the immune system: Moms, microbes and (missed) opportunities.Gut microbes · 2020Review
- Bystander CD4Experimental & molecular medicine · 2020Review
- Building a T cell compartment: how immune cell development shapes function.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2020Review
- Neonatal T Cells: A Reinterpretation.Annual review of immunology · 2020Review
- Protective Intranasal Immunization Against Influenza Virus in Infant Mice Is Dependent on IL-6.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Ontogeny of cytokine responses to PHA from birth to adulthood.Pediatric research · 2019Observational
- HIV, Cytomegalovirus, and Malaria Infections during Pregnancy Lead to Inflammation and Shifts in Memory B Cell Subsets in Kenyan Neonates.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2019Article
- Neonatal neutrophils stimulated by group B Streptococcus induce a proinflammatory T-helper cell bias.Pediatric research · 2018Article
- Toll-like receptor 2 costimulation potentiates the antitumor efficacy of CAR T Cells.Leukemia · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Neonatal CD4(+) T cells have traditionally been viewed as deficient in their capacity to produce Th1 cytokines in response to polyclonal or Ag-specific stimuli. Thus, defining unique aspects of CD4(+) T cell activation and development into Th1 effector cells in neonates is essential to the successful development of novel vaccines and immunotherapies to protect infants from intracellular pathogens. Using highly purified naive CD4(+) T cells derived from cord and adult peripheral blood, we compared the impact of anti-CD3 stimulation plus costimulation through TLR-2 performed in the absence of APC on CD4(+) T cell cytokine production, proliferation, and expression of activation markers. In both age groups, TLR-2 costimulation elicited activation of naive CD4(+) T cells, characterized by robust production of IL-2 as well as key Th1-type cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α. TLR-2 costimulation also dramatically reduced naive T cell production of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10. We observed that neonatal naive CD4(+) T cells are uniquely sensitive to TLR-2-mediated costimulation, which enabled them to produce equivalent amounts of IFN-γ and more IL-2 when compared with adult responses. Thus, neonatal CD4(+) T cells have a distinctive propensity to use TLR-2-mediated costimulation for development into proinflammatory Th1 effectors, and interventions that target CD4(+) T cell TLR-2-mediated responses may be exploited to enhance neonatal adaptive immunity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.