Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27194696›Full record

ArticleProceedings. Biological sciences2016

Tiny vampires in ancient seas: evidence for predation via perforation in fossils from the 780-740 million-year-old Chuar Group, Grand Canyon, USA.

Susannah M Porter

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings. Biological sciences, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
6.6field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 75 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. A diverse Palaeoproterozoic microbial ecosystem implies early eukaryogenesis.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025
    Article
  2. Review
  3. Amoebozoan testate amoebae illuminate the diversity of heterotrophs and the complexity of ecosystems throughout geological time.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Strong evidence for a weakly oxygenated ocean-atmosphere system during the Proterozoic.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022
    Article
  7. Review
  8. Evidences of the Oldest Trophic Interactions in the Riphean Biota (Lakhanda Lagerstätte, Southeastern Siberia).Doklady biological sciences : proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Biological sciences sections · 2021
    Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Fungal evolution: major ecological adaptations and evolutionary transitions.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2019
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.

Susannah M PorterDepartment of Earth Science, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA porter@geol.ucsb.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-4707-9428
Google (United States) · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

One explanation for the Early Neoproterozoic expansion of eukaryotes is the appearance of eukaryovorous predators-i.e. protists that preyed on other protists. Evidence for eukaryovory at this time, however, is indirect, based on inferences from character state reconstructions and molecular clocks, and on the presence of possible defensive structures in some protistan fossils. Here I describe 0.1-3.4 µm circular holes in seven species of organic-walled microfossils from the 780-740 million-year-old Chuar Group, Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA, that are similar to those formed today by predatory protists that perforate the walls of their prey to consume the contents inside. Although best known in the vampyrellid amoebae, this 'vampire-like' behaviour is widespread among eukaryotes, making it difficult to infer confidently the identity of the predator. Nonetheless, the identity of the prey is clear: some-and perhaps all-of the fossils are eukaryotes. These holes thus provide the oldest direct evidence for predation on eukaryotes. Larger circular and half-moon-shaped holes in vase-shaped microfossils from the upper part of the unit may also be the work of 'tiny vampires', suggesting a diversity of eukaryovorous predators lived in the ancient Chuar sea.

Indexed as

Biological EvolutionFood ChainFossilsArizonaEukaryotaMicroscopy, Electron, ScanningMicroscopy, Electron, TransmissionOceans and Seasacritarchdrill holesNeoproterozoicPrecambrian palaeontologyVampyrellida

Identifiers

PMID27194696
PMCPMC4892792
OpenAlexW2397371088

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.