ArticleEuropean journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology2016
Association of diverse bacterial communities in human bile samples with biliary tract disorders: a survey using culture and polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis methods.
Article in European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- The Relationship betweenCanadian journal of gastroenterology & hepatology · 2021Pooled it
- Gut Microbiota: A Potential Role in Modulating Carcinogenesis and Response to Anti-Cancer Therapies.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Review
- The Evolving Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance in Peritonitis of Biliary Origin: An Evidence-Based Update of the Tokyo Guidelines (TG18) for Clinicians.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Stent placement can achieve same prognosis as endoscopic nasobiliary drainage in treatment of bile leakage after liver transplantation.World journal of gastrointestinal surgery · 2025Article
- The Presence and Significance of Bacteria and Fungi in Bile Aspirated During ERC-A Retrospective Analysis.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Characterization of Bacterial Biofilm Composition in Occluded Plastic Biliary Stents.Clinical and experimental gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Biliary microbiota in disease-free, obstructive and post-drainage biliary tracts.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Bile's Hidden Weapon: Modulating the Microbiome and Tumor Microenvironment.Current microbiology · 2024Review
- Biliary microbiome and gallstones: A silent friendship.World journal of gastrointestinal surgery · 2024Article
- Analysis of gut microecological characteristics and differences between children with biliary atresia and non-biliary atresia in infantile cholestasis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Lipopolysaccharide in Bile Promotes the Neutrophil Extracellular Traps-Induced Gallstone Formation by Activating the Gallbladder Immune Barrier.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2024Article
- Microbial characteristics of bile in gallstone patients: a comprehensive analysis of 9,939 cases.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- The footprint of gut microbiota in gallbladder cancer: a mechanistic review.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Role of the Gut-Liver Axis in the Pathobiology of Cholangiopathies: Basic and Clinical Evidence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Insight into the mechanism of gallstone disease by proteomic and metaproteomic characterization of human bile.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- A Multipathogen Bile Sample-based PCR Assay Can Guide Empirical Antimicrobial Strategies in Cholestatic Liver Diseases.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2022Article
- Recurrent bacteremia with a hypermucoviscous Escherichia coli isolated from a patient with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: insights from a comprehensive genome-based analysis.Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2022Article
- Factors Influencing Gallstone Formation: A Review of the Literature.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- Comprehensive Analysis of Gut Microbiota and Fecal Bile Acid Profiles in Children With Biliary Atresia.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bacterial infection is considered a predisposing factor for disorders of the biliary tract. This study aimed to determine the diversity of bacterial communities in bile samples and their involvement in the occurrence of biliary tract diseases. A total of 102 bile samples were collected during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Characterization of bacteria was done using culture and polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was determined based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines and identity of the nucleotide sequences of differentiated bands from the DGGE gels was determined based on GenBank data. In total, 41.2 % (42/102) of the patients showed bacterial infection in their bile samples. This infection was detected in 21 % (4/19), 45.4 % (5/11), 53.5 % (15/28), and 54.5 % (24/44) of patients with common bile duct stone, microlithiasis, malignancy, and gallbladder stone, respectively. Escherichia coli showed a significant association with gallstones. Polymicrobial infection was detected in 48 % of the patients. While results of the culture method established coexistence of biofilm-forming bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus spp., and Acinetobacter spp.) in different combinations, the presence of Capnocytophaga spp., Lactococcus spp., Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Enterobacter or Citrobacter spp., Morganella spp., Salmonella spp., and Helicobacter pylori was also characterized in these samples by the PCR-DGGE method. Multidrug resistance phenotypes (87.5 %) and resistance to third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins and quinolones were common in these strains, which could evolve through their selection by bile components. Ability for biofilm formation seems to be a need for polymicrobial infection in this organ.
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