ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2016
Longitudinal Study of the Effects of Bacteremia and Sepsis on 5-year Risk of Cardiovascular Events.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between sepsis survivorship and long-term cardiovascular outcomes in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Intensive care medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Applications and reporting of causal inference modelling in infectious disease studies: A systematic review.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2026Article
- Long-term cardiovascular outcomes and risk factors in adult sepsis survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.World journal of emergency medicine · 2025Review
- Bacterial Infections Shape Cardiac Macrophages' Response to Ischemia.Circulation research · 2025Article
- Article
- Exploring the presence of oral bacteria in non-oral sites of patients with cardiovascular diseases using whole metagenomic data.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Cardiac dysfunction in survivors of sepsis: a scoping review.Open heart · 2023Article
- Combined Multiomics and In Silico Approach Uncovers PRKAR1A as a Putative Therapeutic Target in Multi-Organ Dysfunction Syndrome.ACS omega · 2023Article
- Calprotectin blockade inhibits long-term vascular pathology following peritoneal dialysis-associated bacterial infection.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Article
- Sepsis hospitalization and risk of subsequent cardiovascular events in adults: a population-based matched cohort study.Intensive care medicine · 2022Article
- Risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest among sepsis survivors in Taiwan: analysis of a nationwide population-based cohort.BMJ open · 2021Article
- Trained Immunity and Reactivity of Macrophages and Endothelial Cells.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2021Review
- Cardiovascular Events After Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Global Perspective with Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Review
- Organ Dysfunction in Sepsis: An Ominous Trajectory From Infection To Death.The Yale journal of biology and medicine · 2019Review
- Results of CoALL 07-03 study childhood ALL based on combined risk assessment by in vivo and in vitro pharmacosensitivity.Blood advances · 2019Article
- Impact of post-sepsis cardiovascular complications on mortality in sepsis survivors: a population-based study.Critical care (London, England) · 2019Article
- Post-Infectious Myocardial Infarction: New Insights for Improved Screening.Journal of clinical medicine · 2019Article
- Cardiovascular Events and Hospital Deaths Among Patients With Severe Sepsis.The American journal of cardiology · 2019Article
- Susceptible period for cardiovascular complications in patients recovering from sepsis.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe long-term and cumulative effect of multiple episodes of bacteremia and sepsis across multiple hospitalizations on the development of cardiovascular (CV) events is uncertain.
methodsWe conducted a longitudinal study of 156 380 hospitalizations in 47 009 patients (≥18 years old) who had at least 2 inpatient admissions at an academic tertiary care center in St Louis, Missouri, from 1 January 2008 through 31 December 2012. We used marginal structural models, estimated by inverse probability weighting (IPW) of bacteremia or sepsis and IPW of censoring, to estimate the marginal causal effects of bacteremia and sepsis on developing the first observed incident CV event, including stroke, transient ischemic attack, and myocardial infarction (MI), during the study period.
resultsBacteremia and sepsis occurred during 4923 (3.1%) and 5544 (3.5%) hospitalizations among 3932 (8.4%) and 4474 (9.5%) patients, respectively. CV events occurred in 414 (10.5%) and 538 (12.0%) patients with prior episodes of bacteremia or sepsis, respectively, vs 3087 (7.2%) and 2963 (7.0%) patients without prior episodes of bacteremia or sepsis. The causal odds of experiencing a CV event was 1.52-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21- to 1.90-fold) and 2.39-fold (95% CI, 1.88- to 3.03-fold) higher in patients with prior instances of bacteremia or sepsis, respectively, compared to those without. Prior instances of septic shock resulted in a 6.91-fold (95% CI, 5.34- to 8.93-fold) increase in the odds of MI.
conclusionsPrior instances of bacteremia and sepsis substantially increase the 5-year risk of CV events.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.