Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27193612›Full record

ArticleJournal of extracellular vesicles2016

Isolation of human salivary extracellular vesicles by iodixanol density gradient ultracentrifugation and their characterizations.

Kazuya Iwai, Tamiko Minamisawa, Kanako Suga, Yasutomo Yajima, Kiyotaka Shiba

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of extracellular vesicles, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 126 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
126citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

126 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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  4. Comparison of Methods for the Isolation of Salivary Extracellular Vesicles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
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66 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Kazuya IwaiDivision of Protein Engineering, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.
Tamiko MinamisawaDivision of Protein Engineering, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.
Kanako SugaDivision of Protein Engineering, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.
Yasutomo YajimaDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan.
Kiyotaka ShibaDivision of Protein Engineering, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan; kshiba@jfcr.or.jp.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Diagnostic methods that focus on the extracellular vesicles (EVs) present in saliva have been attracting great attention because of their non-invasiveness. EVs contain biomolecules such as proteins, messenger RNA (mRNA) and microRNA (miRNA), which originate from cells that release EVs, making them an ideal source for liquid biopsy. Although there have been many reports on density-based fractionation of EVs from blood and urine, the number of reports on EVs from saliva has been limited, most probably because of the difficulties in separating EVs from viscous saliva using density gradient centrifugation. This article establishes a protocol for the isolation of EVs from human saliva using density gradient centrifugation. The fractionated salivary EVs were characterized by atomic force microscopy, western blot and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The results indicate that salivary EVs have a smaller diameter (47.8±12.3 nm) and higher density (1.11 g/ml) than EVs isolated from conditioned cell media (74.0±23.5 nm and 1.06 g/ml, respectively). Additionally, to improve the throughput of density-based fractionation of EVs, the original protocol was further modified by using a fixed angle rotor instead of a swinging rotor. It was also confirmed that several miRNAs were expressed strongly in the EV-marker-expressing fractions.

Indexed as

diagnosisEVsexosomemicroRNAsaliva

Identifiers

PMID27193612
PMCPMC4871899

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.