ArticleJournal of the National Cancer Institute2016
Endogenous Estrogens, Estrogen Metabolites, and Breast Cancer Risk in Postmenopausal Chinese Women.
Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph
Article in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
40citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
3.2field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adiposity and cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis.Nature metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer via Sex Steroid Hormones, Part 2: The Effect of Sex Steroid Hormones on Breast Cancer Risk.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Estrogen metabolites in premenopausal women living in China, Mongolia, and the United Kingdom.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Global and regional cancer burden attributable to modifiable risk factors to inform prevention.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- Estrogen metabolism-related lifestyle score and risk of postmenopausal breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancers: findings from two large prospective cohort studies.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Effects of 17β-Estradiol Pollution on Microbial Communities and Methane Emissions in Aerobic Water Bodies.Toxics · 2024Article
- Metabolomic biomarkers in liquid biopsy: accurate cancer diagnosis and prognosis monitoring.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Dual Activation of Peroxymonosulfate Using MnFeACS omega · 2023Article
- Associations of gut microbiome with endogenous estrogen levels in healthy postmenopausal women.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2023Article
- Article
- Mendelian randomization analyses of 23 known and suspected risk factors and biomarkers for breast cancer overall and by molecular subtypes.International journal of cancer · 2022Article
- Sulfite may disrupt estrogen homeostasis in human via inhibition of steroid arylsulfatase.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Associations of established breast cancer risk factors with urinary estrogens in postmenopausal women.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2022Article
- A Study on Clinico-Pathological Profile of Breast Cancer Patients and Their Correlation With Uterine Fibroids Using Hormone Level and Receptor Status Assessment.Breast cancer : basic and clinical research · 2022Article
- Occurrence, ecological risk assessment and source apportionment of pharmaceuticals, steroid hormones and xenoestrogens in the Ghanaian aquatic environments.Toxicology reports · 2022Article
- The impact of CYP19A1 variants and haplotypes on breast cancer risk, clinicopathological features and prognosis.Molecular genetics & genomic medicine · 2021Article
- Estrogen/ER in anti-tumor immunity regulation to tumor cell and tumor microenvironment.Cancer cell international · 2021Review
- Serum Levels of Androgens, Estrogens, and Sex Hormone Binding Globulin and Risk of Primary Gastric Cancer in Chinese Men: A Nested Case-Control Study.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2021Observational
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
18 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Steven C MooreAffiliations of authors: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (SCM, CEM, KY, MHG, BTJ, NR, RNH, RGZ); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (XOS, QC, GY, WZ); Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD (XX); Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China (HL, YTG); Department of Epidemiology, Division of OVP, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (WHC); Information Management Services, Inc., Rockville, MD (DR, JBM).
Charles E MatthewsAffiliations of authors: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (SCM, CEM, KY, MHG, BTJ, NR, RNH, RGZ); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (XOS, QC, GY, WZ); Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD (XX); Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China (HL, YTG); Department of Epidemiology, Division of OVP, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (WHC); Information Management Services, Inc., Rockville, MD (DR, JBM).
Xiao Ou ShuAffiliations of authors: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (SCM, CEM, KY, MHG, BTJ, NR, RNH, RGZ); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (XOS, QC, GY, WZ); Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD (XX); Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China (HL, YTG); Department of Epidemiology, Division of OVP, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (WHC); Information Management Services, Inc., Rockville, MD (DR, JBM).
Kai YuAffiliations of authors: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (SCM, CEM, KY, MHG, BTJ, NR, RNH, RGZ); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (XOS, QC, GY, WZ); Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD (XX); Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China (HL, YTG); Department of Epidemiology, Division of OVP, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (WHC); Information Management Services, Inc., Rockville, MD (DR, JBM).
Mitchell H GailAffiliations of authors: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (SCM, CEM, KY, MHG, BTJ, NR, RNH, RGZ); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (XOS, QC, GY, WZ); Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD (XX); Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China (HL, YTG); Department of Epidemiology, Division of OVP, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (WHC); Information Management Services, Inc., Rockville, MD (DR, JBM).
Xia XuAffiliations of authors: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (SCM, CEM, KY, MHG, BTJ, NR, RNH, RGZ); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (XOS, QC, GY, WZ); Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD (XX); Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China (HL, YTG); Department of Epidemiology, Division of OVP, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (WHC); Information Management Services, Inc., Rockville, MD (DR, JBM).
Bu-Tian JiAffiliations of authors: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (SCM, CEM, KY, MHG, BTJ, NR, RNH, RGZ); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (XOS, QC, GY, WZ); Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD (XX); Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China (HL, YTG); Department of Epidemiology, Division of OVP, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (WHC); Information Management Services, Inc., Rockville, MD (DR, JBM).
Wong-Ho ChowAffiliations of authors: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (SCM, CEM, KY, MHG, BTJ, NR, RNH, RGZ); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (XOS, QC, GY, WZ); Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD (XX); Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China (HL, YTG); Department of Epidemiology, Division of OVP, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (WHC); Information Management Services, Inc., Rockville, MD (DR, JBM).
Qiuyin CaiAffiliations of authors: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (SCM, CEM, KY, MHG, BTJ, NR, RNH, RGZ); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (XOS, QC, GY, WZ); Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD (XX); Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China (HL, YTG); Department of Epidemiology, Division of OVP, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (WHC); Information Management Services, Inc., Rockville, MD (DR, JBM).
Honglan LiAffiliations of authors: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (SCM, CEM, KY, MHG, BTJ, NR, RNH, RGZ); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (XOS, QC, GY, WZ); Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD (XX); Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China (HL, YTG); Department of Epidemiology, Division of OVP, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (WHC); Information Management Services, Inc., Rockville, MD (DR, JBM).
Gong YangAffiliations of authors: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (SCM, CEM, KY, MHG, BTJ, NR, RNH, RGZ); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (XOS, QC, GY, WZ); Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD (XX); Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China (HL, YTG); Department of Epidemiology, Division of OVP, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (WHC); Information Management Services, Inc., Rockville, MD (DR, JBM).
David RuggieriAffiliations of authors: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (SCM, CEM, KY, MHG, BTJ, NR, RNH, RGZ); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (XOS, QC, GY, WZ); Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD (XX); Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China (HL, YTG); Department of Epidemiology, Division of OVP, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (WHC); Information Management Services, Inc., Rockville, MD (DR, JBM).
Jennifer Boyd-MorinAffiliations of authors: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (SCM, CEM, KY, MHG, BTJ, NR, RNH, RGZ); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (XOS, QC, GY, WZ); Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD (XX); Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China (HL, YTG); Department of Epidemiology, Division of OVP, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (WHC); Information Management Services, Inc., Rockville, MD (DR, JBM).
Nathaniel RothmanAffiliations of authors: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (SCM, CEM, KY, MHG, BTJ, NR, RNH, RGZ); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (XOS, QC, GY, WZ); Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD (XX); Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China (HL, YTG); Department of Epidemiology, Division of OVP, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (WHC); Information Management Services, Inc., Rockville, MD (DR, JBM).
Robert N HooverAffiliations of authors: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (SCM, CEM, KY, MHG, BTJ, NR, RNH, RGZ); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (XOS, QC, GY, WZ); Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD (XX); Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China (HL, YTG); Department of Epidemiology, Division of OVP, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (WHC); Information Management Services, Inc., Rockville, MD (DR, JBM).
Yu-Tang GaoAffiliations of authors: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (SCM, CEM, KY, MHG, BTJ, NR, RNH, RGZ); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (XOS, QC, GY, WZ); Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD (XX); Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China (HL, YTG); Department of Epidemiology, Division of OVP, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (WHC); Information Management Services, Inc., Rockville, MD (DR, JBM).
Wei ZhengAffiliations of authors: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (SCM, CEM, KY, MHG, BTJ, NR, RNH, RGZ); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (XOS, QC, GY, WZ); Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD (XX); Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China (HL, YTG); Department of Epidemiology, Division of OVP, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (WHC); Information Management Services, Inc., Rockville, MD (DR, JBM).
Regina G ZieglerAffiliations of authors: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (SCM, CEM, KY, MHG, BTJ, NR, RNH, RGZ); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (XOS, QC, GY, WZ); Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD (XX); Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China (HL, YTG); Department of Epidemiology, Division of OVP, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (WHC); Information Management Services, Inc., Rockville, MD (DR, JBM).
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsLeidos (United States) · USFrederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research · USLeidos Biomedical Research Inc. (United States)The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center · USInformation Management Services · USNational Cancer Institute · USVanderbilt University · US
Funding
Nutrition, Metabolism, and CancerZIACP010169 · NCI · DIVISION OF CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS · PI GIERACH, GRETCHEN · 2009 to 2025
$9.2MShanghai Womens Health StudyUM1CA182910 · NCI · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI ZHENG, WEI · 2014 to 2018
$5.9MCancer Risk Reduction and Diet: A Cohort Study of WomenR37CA070867 · NCI · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI ZHENG, WEI · 2009 to 2013
$4.7MNCI NIH HHS R37 CA070867NCI NIH HHS UM1 CA182910
Abstract
backgroundThe role of estrogen metabolism in determining breast cancer risk and differences in breast cancer rates between high-incidence and low-incidence nations is poorly understood.
methodsWe measured urinary concentrations of estradiol and estrone (parent estrogens) and 13 estrogen metabolites formed by irreversible hydroxylation at the C-2, C-4, or C-16 positions of the steroid ring in a nested case-control study of 399 postmenopausal invasive breast cancer case participants and 399 matched control participants from the population-based Shanghai Women's Health Study cohort. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of breast cancer by quartiles of metabolic pathway groups, pathway ratios, and individual estrogens/estrogen metabolites were estimated by multivariable conditional logistic regression. Urinary estrogen/estrogen metabolite measures were compared with those of postmenopausal non-hormone-using Asian Americans, a population with three-fold higher breast cancer incidence rates. All statistical tests were two-sided.
resultsUrinary concentrations of parent estrogens were strongly associated with breast cancer risk (ORQ4vsQ1 = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.21 to 3.12, Ptrend = .01). Of the pathway ratios, the 2-pathway:total estrogens/estrogen metabolites and 2-pathway:parent estrogens were inversely associated with risk (ORQ4vsQ1 = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.35 to 0.91, Ptrend = .03, and ORQ4vsQ1 = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.37 to 0.99, Ptrend = .04, respectively). After adjusting for parent estrogens, these associations remained clearly inverse but lost statistical significance (ORQ4vsQ1 = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.39 to 1.06, Ptrend = .12 and ORQ4vsQ1 = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.44 to 1.32, Ptrend = .28). The urinary concentration of all estrogens/estrogen metabolites combined in Asian American women was triple that in Shanghai women.
conclusionsLower urinary parent estrogen concentrations and more extensive 2-hydroxylation were each associated with reduced postmenopausal breast cancer risk in a low-risk nation. Markedly higher total estrogen/estrogen metabolite concentrations in postmenopausal United States women (Asian Americans) than in Shanghai women may partly explain higher breast cancer rates in the United States.
Indexed as
AgedAsianBreast NeoplasmsCase-Control StudiesChinaEstradiolEstrogensEstroneFemaleHumansIncidenceMetabolic Networks and PathwaysMiddle AgedOdds RatioPostmenopauseUnited StatesEstradiolEstrogensEstrone
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
None linked
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.