SynthesisScientific reports2016
A significant causal association between C-reactive protein levels and schizophrenia.
Synthesis in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 21 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Applications of Mendelian randomization in psychiatry: a comprehensive systematic review.Psychiatric genetics · 2022Pooled it
- Evidence-based umbrella review of 162 peripheral biomarkers for major mental disorders.Translational psychiatry · 2020Pooled it
- Protein-C Reactive as Biomarker Predictor of Schizophrenia Phases of Illness? A Systematic Review.Current neuropharmacology · 2018Pooled it
- Associations between C-reactive protein levels and cognition during the first 6 months after acute psychosis.Acta neuropsychiatrica · 2019Trial
- Neuroinflammation and schizophrenia - is there a link?Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Design and quality control of large-scale two-sample Mendelian randomization studies.International journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Serum level of high sensitive C-reactive protein and IL - 6 markers in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia in Ethiopia: a comparative study.BMC psychiatry · 2021Article
- Longitudinal association between CRP levels and risk of psychosis: a meta-analysis of population-based cohort studies.NPJ schizophrenia · 2021Review
- Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 Levels in Patients with Schizophrenia and their Unaffected Siblings.The Psychiatric quarterly · 2020Article
- Article
- Chronic low-grade peripheral inflammation is associated with ultra resistant schizophrenia. Results from the FACE-SZ cohort.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2019Article
- Serum Levels of High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein in Drug-naÏve First-episode Psychosis and Acute Exacerbation of Schizophrenia.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2019Article
- Neurobiology and Therapeutic Potential of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Inhibitors for Inflammation in Neuropsychiatric Disorders.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2019Review
- Relationships between low-grade peripheral inflammation and psychotropic drugs in schizophrenia: results from the national FACE-SZ cohort.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2018Article
- Embracing polygenicity: a review of methods and tools for psychiatric genetics research.Psychological medicine · 2018Review
- Joint evaluation of serum C-Reactive Protein levels and polygenic risk scores as risk factors for schizophrenia.Psychiatry research · 2018Article
- Inflammatory Biomarkers and Risk of Schizophrenia: A 2-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.JAMA psychiatry · 2017Article
- Association between C-reactive protein and risk of schizophrenia: An updated meta-analysis.Oncotarget · 2017Article
- C-Reactive Protein Correlates with Negative Symptoms in Patients with Schizophrenia.Frontiers in public health · 2017Article
- Two-sample Mendelian randomization: avoiding the downsides of a powerful, widely applicable but potentially fallible technique.International journal of epidemiology · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2018-02-21Error in Data · Error in Results and/or Conclusions ·
- Retracted
Authors and funding
16 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Many observational studies have shown elevated blood CRP levels in schizophrenia compared with controls, and one population-based prospective study has reported that elevated plasma CRP levels were associated with late- and very-late-onset schizophrenia. Furthermore, several clinical studies have reported the efficacy of anti-inflammatory drugs on the symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. However, whether elevated CRP levels are causally related to schizophrenia is not still established because of confounding factors and reverse causality. In the present study, we demonstrated that serum CRP levels were significantly higher in patients with schizophrenia than in the controls by conducting a case-control study and a meta-analysis of case-control studies between schizophrenia and serum CRP levels. Furthermore, we provided evidence for a causal association between elevated CRP levels and increased schizophrenia risk by conducting a Mendelian randomization analysis. Our findings suggest that elevated CRP itself may be a causal risk factor for schizophrenia.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.