ReviewIndustrial health2016
Time to wake up: reactive countermeasures to sleep inertia.
Review in Industrial health, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Rise and shine: The use of polychromatic short-wavelength-enriched light to mitigate sleep inertia at night following awakening from slow-wave sleep.Journal of sleep research · 2022Trial
- Article
- Evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive stimulation and physiological dynamization on sleep inertia.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- The arousal paradox in critical task performance in automated driving during sleep inertia using a quasi experimental approach.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Influence of circadian preference, sleep inertia and their interaction on marathon completion time: A retrospective, cross-sectional investigation of a large mass-participation city marathon.Journal of sleep research · 2025Article
- Sleep Inertia and Its Associates in Shift and Non-Shift Workers.Psychiatry investigation · 2024Article
- A preliminary framework for managing sleep inertia in occupational settings.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2023Review
- Using Wake-Up Tasks for Morning Behavior Change: Development and Usability Study.JMIR formative research · 2022Article
- On-call work and sleep: the importance of switching on during a callout and switching off after a call.Industrial health · 2022Review
- An Exploration of Self-Reported Sleep Inertia Symptoms Using Network Analysis.Nature and science of sleep · 2022Article
- "I Want to Be Safe and Not Still Half Asleep": Exploring Practical Countermeasures to Manage the Risk of Sleep Inertia for Emergency Service Personnel Using a Mixed Methods Approach.Nature and science of sleep · 2022Article
- Guiding principles for determining work shift duration and addressing the effects of work shift duration on performance, safety, and health: guidance from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and the Sleep Research Society.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2021Article
- A novel bedtime pulsatile-release caffeine formula ameliorates sleep inertia symptoms immediately upon awakening.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Trait Interindividual Differences in the Magnitude of Subjective Sleepiness from Sleep Inertia.Clocks & sleep · 2021Article
- Alarm Tones, Voice Warnings, and Musical Treatments: A Systematic Review of Auditory Countermeasures for Sleep Inertia in Abrupt and Casual Awakenings.Clocks & sleep · 2020Review
- Auditory Countermeasures for Sleep Inertia: Exploring the Effect of Melody and Rhythm in an Ecological Context.Clocks & sleep · 2020Article
- Exercising Caution Upon Waking-Can Exercise Reduce Sleep Inertia?Frontiers in physiology · 2020Article
- Effects of red light on sleep inertia.Nature and science of sleep · 2019Article
- Sleep inertia: current insights.Nature and science of sleep · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sleep inertia is the period of impaired performance and grogginess experienced after waking. This period of impairment is of concern to workers who are on-call, or nap during work hours, and need to perform safety-critical tasks soon after waking. While several studies have investigated the best sleep timing and length to minimise sleep inertia effects, few have focused on countermeasures -especially those that can be implemented after waking (i.e. reactive countermeasures). This structured review summarises current literature on reactive countermeasures to sleep inertia such as caffeine, light, and temperature and discusses evidence for the effectiveness and operational viability of each approach. Current literature does not provide a convincing evidence-base for a reactive countermeasure. Caffeine is perhaps the best option, although it is most effective when administered prior to sleep and is therefore not strictly reactive. Investigations into light and temperature have found promising results for improving subjective alertness; further research is needed to determine whether these countermeasures can also attenuate performance impairment. Future research in this area would benefit from study design features highlighted in this review. In the meantime, it is recommended that proactive sleep inertia countermeasures are used, and that safety-critical tasks are avoided immediately after waking.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.