ReviewImmunity2016
Lag-3, Tim-3, and TIGIT: Co-inhibitory Receptors with Specialized Functions in Immune Regulation.
Review in Immunity, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1,329 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1,329 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 2,113 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety of immune checkpoint modulators beyond PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 in solid tumors: a meta-analysis.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2026Pooled it
- The Frontier of Melanoma Treatment: Defeating Immunotherapy Resistance-A Systematic Review.Oncology research · 2026Pooled it
- Epstein-Barr virus-driven immunosuppression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a comprehensive review of viral mechanisms, spatial tumor ecosystems, and precision therapeutics.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Advancements in non-invasive visualization of the immune checkpoint TIGIT: a systematic review.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2025Pooled it
- Optimizing immunotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: recent advances and future directions.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Higher TIGIT expression in the intraperitoneal immune microenvironment is associated with shorter progression-free survival in patients with gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis treated with intraperitoneal paclitaxel.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Article
- Cellular senescence: six decades of discovery and reinvention.The EMBO journal · 2026Review
- Resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade: Mechanism and pharmacological strategies.Pharmacological research · 2026Review
- Recent advances of cell therapies for AML/MDS: exploring the therapeutic potential of innate immune cells in AML/MDS.International journal of hematology · 2026Review
- Osteomyelitis: Epidemiology, Classification, Pathophysiology, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Management.MedComm · 2026Review
- Lineage-specific immune checkpoint dynamics define a context-dependent regulatory framework with translational relevance in human γδ T cells.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in the Tumor Microenvironment: Mechanisms, Immune Regulation, and Implications for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Special Issue 'Molecular Mechanisms and New Markers of Cancer'-From Static Biomarkers to Context-Aware Precision Oncology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Immune checkpoints and immunoregulation in metabolic diseases and cancers: pathological mechanisms and therapeutic potential.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- HMGB1 as a danger signal in vascular remodeling.The Korean journal of physiology & pharmacology : official journal of the Korean Physiological Society and the Korean Society of Pharmacology · 2026Review
- Proteomic Insights Into Human Induced Regulatory T Cells: The Role of LPXN and CD160 in Immune Suppression.Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP · 2026Article
- HTS-Oracle X: AI-Guided Prospective Discovery of Small Molecule Immune Checkpoint Binders.ACS medicinal chemistry letters · 2026Article
- TIM3-targeted delivery of venetoclax overcomes drug resistance and reinvigorates NK cell activity in acute myeloid leukemia.Nature cancer · 2026Article
- Review
- The Right Key, the Wrong Lock: TIGIT Checkpoint Blockade and the Road to Precision Immunotherapy.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
1,269 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Co-inhibitory receptors, such as CTLA-4 and PD-1, have an important role in regulating T cell responses and have proven to be effective targets in the setting of chronic diseases where constitutive co-inhibitory receptor expression on T cells dampens effector T cell responses. Unfortunately, many patients still fail to respond to therapies that target CTLA-4 and PD-1. The next wave of co-inhibitory receptor targets that are being explored in clinical trials include Lag-3, Tim-3, and TIGIT. These receptors, although they belong to the same class of receptors as PD-1 and CTLA-4, exhibit unique functions, especially at tissue sites where they regulate distinct aspects of immunity. Increased understanding of the specialized functions of these receptors will inform the rational application of therapies that target these receptors to the clinic.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.